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31 January 2025

ESCLH 8TH BIENNIAL CONFERENCE: Back to the Past and Building the Future (Szeged, 2-4 JUL 2025): conference website available (accommodation, travelling, membership fee and registration fee)

 

(image source: University of Szeged)

The organising committee of the 8th ESCLH Biennial Conference, "Back to the Past and Building the Future" (Szeged, 2-3 JUL 2025) has launched a website containing information on accommodation, travelling, membership fee and registration fee.

A full programme is expected soon. Keynote speakers will be prof. Ulrike Müßig (University of Passau) and prof. Stefan Vogenauer (Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory).

 

More information here.

JOURNAL: Pro Memorie. Bijdragen tot de Rechtsgeschiedenis der Nederlanden XXVI (2024), Nr. 2

 

(image source: AUP)

Redactioneel (Bram Van Hofstraeten & Paul Brood)
DOI 
15667146/bro10.5117/PROM2024.2.001.REDAse


  • Wetenschap aan de noordkant. Rechtshistorici uit de Lage Landen (17).Een interview met Dieneke Hempenius-van Dijk (J.M. Milo & C.H. van Rhee)
    DOI 
    10.5117/PROM2024.2.002.MILO
    Abstract:

Dieneke Hempenius-Van Dijk lectured for nearly half a century at the University of Groningen, and transferred her love for old Dutch law to many that once read law in the most northern province of the Netherlands. In this interview, conducted in January 2024, Dieneke again showed how to set front stage the need for legal history in teaching law, and to always look as well at the law in action. Hence her teaching was always embedded in and very much strenghtened by knowledge acquired from meticulous archival research, often in collaboration with her husband Bertus Hempenius. The High Court of Friesland, old as well as early modern Frisian law, substance as well as procedure, and the Groningen orphanage chamber, and much more has been kept alive and kicking in spoken and written word, according to Dieneke Hempenius-Van Dijk’s high academic and exemplary standards.

Mare liberum, mare clausum en de territoriale wateren (Louis Sicking)
DOI 10.5117/PROM2024.2.003.SICK
Abstract:

The question whether or not the sea can be owned or controlled has occupied the minds of many over the centuries. The discovery of America by Columbus made the questions of ownership of the sea and how regimes to govern the sea could be created and managed gaining importance on a global scale. The historiography of the law of the sea is mostly focussing on the ‘battle of the books’ dominated by the publication of Mare Liberum (1609) by Hugo de Groot (Grotius) and John Selden’s Mare clausum (1635). This article puts this debate in its wider temporal, that is medieval context by arguing that the concept of the free sea was perfectly compatible with the adjacent or territorial sea both in legal practice and principle. The idea of the free sea, defended and made explicit by Grotius, was not new but originated in Roman law and its medieval interpretations. Rather than the free sea, mare clausum was the new contribution of early modern thinking on the law of the sea. The concept of mare clausum had been shaped by the division of the world’s oceans among Spain and Portugal based on the papal bull Inter Caetera (1493) and the treaties of Tordesillas (1494) and Zaragoza (1529).

Het Sint Ivogilde in Den Haag (Hans Endhoven & Ronald A. van der Spiegel)
DOI 10.5117/PROM2024.2.004.ENDH
Abstract:

In The Hague there was a Saint Yvogilde, mentioned 1510-1560. It was the craft guild of lawyers, solicitors and bailiffs, connected to the Court of Holland. This court was located at the Binnenhof. There was also the Court Chapel, which included a Saint Ivo chapel mentioned since 1488, and a Saint Ivo altar, mentioned from 1481. The relationship between guild, chapel and altar is unknown. More insight into the relationship requires further targeted research. After the Reformation (1572-1574) nothing more can be found about the Saint Ivogilde.

De vervolging van verkrachtingen en aanrandingen van de eerbaarheid voor het Hof van Assisen van het Leiedepartement/de provincie West-Vlaanderen, 1811-1867 (Jos Monballyu)
DOI 10.5117/PROM2024.2.005.MONB
Abstract:

In the period 1811 to 1867, the Courts of Assizes were in principle competent to try rapes and indecent assaults. An examination of the judgments made by the Court of Assizes of the Leiedepartment/the province of West Flanders in this period shows that in this period 229 people were accused before that Court of one or both crimes, but only 143 of them were punished for one or both crimes. In addition, 27 of those 229 accused persons were punished for a completely different crime, which was usually the misdemeanor of an outrage against public decency, and 59 were acquitted. The 143 people punished were mostly men (only one woman) who were between 18 and 35 years old and worked in frequently occurring professions in both rural and more urban areas. None of them practiced an elitist profession such as a gentleman farmer, doctor, notary, lawyer, or public officer. In accordance with the legal provisions, the Court of Assizes punished more severely 14 legal fathers, one grandfather, two stepfathers, a master guest in charge of training weavers, five teachers, three wage earners who were employed by someone who exercised authority over the victim and all the persons who provided each other with mutual assistance in carrying out one or both crimes. A majority of victims (202 out of 286 or 69.8%) were girls under the age of 14 or 15 respectively. The 46 women over the age of 15 formed the second group and the 27 boys under the ages of 14 and 15 the third group. Men over the age of 15 were hardly victims. No reason was almost ever given for the acquittals. Regarding the two doctors who were acquitted, one may wonder whether this happened due to a lack of evidence or because of class justice.

De vervolging van West-Vlaamse oorlogsburgemeesters voor het krijgshof te Gent (1945-1947) (Louise Martens)
DOI  10.5117/PROM2024.2.006.MART
Abstract:

Early on in the Second World War, a third of Belgian mayors left their post, escaping German occupation. Many were replaced by members of the Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond with the support of the occupier. After the War, seven such ‘wartime mayors’ from West-Flanders were charged with endangerment of the State’s external security and finally tried on appeal before the Ghent court-martial. Their criminal files provide insight into the functioning of the military courts and the sometimes uncertain legal position of the defendant. The court’s reasoning was not always crystal clear, as judges only had a limited obligation to explain their decisions. Additionally, political collaboration was interpreted to incriminate a wide array of facts and courts encountered challenges differentiating denunciation from military collaboration. Applicable law was printed in advance on judgements, though this did not prevent all mistakes in the implementation of numerous decree-laws. Nevertheless, this could lead to the defendant’s benefit.

Book reviews

  • Transnationale solidariteit en de rol van vroegmoderne Nederlandse media David de Boer, The Early Modern Dutch Press in an Age of Religious Persecution: The Making of Humanitarianism. Oxford University Press, Oxford UK, 2023, 212 p., met illustraties. ISBN 978–0–19–887 680–9 

Read more here.

 



30 January 2025

BOOK: Russel A. MILLER, An Introduction to German Law and Legal Culture. Text and Materials (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024), 502 p. ISBN 9781107141131, € 46,67 (Paperback)

 

(image source: CUP)

Abstract:

An Introduction to German Law and Legal Culture offers students, comparative law scholars, and practitioners an insightful and innovative survey of the German legal system. While recognizing the significant influence of the Civil Law tradition in the German legal culture, the book also considers other legal traditions – Common Law, Socialist Law, Islamic Law, Adversarial Law, European Law – that are woven into the varied and colorful fabric of the German legal culture. The book provides an informed yet accessible introduction to the foundations of German law as well as to the theory and doctrine of some of the most relevant fields of law: Private Law, Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Criminal Law, Procedural Law, and European Law. It is an engaging and pluralistic portrayal of one of the world's most interesting, important, and frequently modelled legal systems.

Read more here

LINKEDIN: Follow our Blog on Linkedin

(image source: dall-e)

The ESCLH Blog now has a linkedin-page. This is a new complementary method to remain in touch with our announcements, besides:

- an RSS reader (e.g. feedly)
- the daily mails through follow.it (see right on the blog)
- the Society's account on Bluesky

Follow the page here.

29 January 2025

BOOK: Joe SAMPSON & Stelios TOFARIS (eds.), Essays in Law and History for David Ibbetson (London: Bloomsbury, 2024), 408 p. ISBN 9781509970674

 

(image source: Hart)

Abstract:

Over the last 40 years, David Ibbetson has paved the way in a remarkably broad range of fields. In ancient law, his scholarship has spanned both the detailed doctrine of the Roman law of obligations and the cross-pollination of legal influences around the ancient Mediterranean. His work on English legal history has ranged from the earliest days of the common law through to the turn of the 20th century, combining forensic archival research with a sensitivity to how lawyers thought about their subject. In European legal history, he has shown the porousness of the civil law and the extent to which it has been shaped by other areas of intellectual life, from theology to rationalist philosophy. The contributions to this volume in his honour mirror both the breadth and the depth of Ibbetson's scholarship. The book combines chapters from leading legal historians, close colleagues and over a dozen of Ibbetson's students. Some chapters build upon or respond to Ibbetson's ideas, others his areas of interest. The contributions are introduced by Ibbetson's valedictory lecture on the importance of legal history to modern practice and scholarship, and the work yet to be done.

Table of contents:

1. Introduction, Joe Sampson and Stelios Tofaris (University of Cambridge, UK)
2. Acta et Agenda, David Ibbetson (University of Cambridge, UK)

Part One: Ancient Law
3. Chasing, Lying and Persuading: D 47.2.52.19-52.24 in Context, Helen Scott (University of Cambridge, UK)
4. D 9.2.27.14 (Ulp 18 Ad Ed): Weeds in the Digest, Wolfgang Ernst (University of Oxford, UK)
5. Felling Trees in Mesopotamia and Rome, Joe Sampson (University of Cambridge, UK)

Part Two: English Legal History
6. Taking Thirteenth-Century Statutes Seriously: The Strange History of Remedies Based on Chapter 7 of the Statute of Gloucester (1278), Paul Brand (University of Oxford, UK)
7. John Selden's Commonplace-Book (1608), John Baker (University of Cambridge, UK)
8. Early Seventeenth-Century Common Injunctions, Neil Jones (University of Cambridge, UK)
9. The Burden of Proof in English Criminal Proceedings After the Revolution, Mike Macnair (University of Oxford, UK)
10. Motive and Malice Prepensed, Joshua Getzler (University of Oxford, UK)
11. Dogs, Dons and Monkeys: Legal Liability for Domestic Animals, Warren Swain (University of Auckland, New Zealand)

Part Three: Comparative Legal History
12. Peer Reviewing Cujas, Alain Wijffels (University of Leiden, the Netherlands, and Ku Leuven, Belgium)
13. Star Chamber and the Civil Law, Ian Williams (University College London, UK)
14. The Law of Treason in Britain's Roman-Dutch Colonies, Michael Lobban (University of Oxford, UK)
15. Rome in the Antipodes: Emphyteusis and the Australian Perpetual Lease, Paul Babie (University of Adelaide, Australia)
16. Specific Performance and the Indian Contract Act: History, Theory and Politics, Stelios Tofaris (University of Cambridge, UK)
17. Path Dependence and French Administrative Law, John Bell (University of Cambridge, UK)

Part Four: History and Modernity
18. Law in Henry James's Early Fiction, Paul Mitchell (University College London, UK)
19. English Student Legal Periodicals, 1842-1922: Peculiarly Applicable to English Law Students, Catharine MacMillan (King's College London, UK)
20. Historical Insights into Contemporary Legal Problems: The 2020 Reforms of the Law of Civil Contempt, David Foxton (Justice of the High Court, UK)
21. Tort and Stability, Matt Dyson (University of Oxford, UK) and Emily Gordon (University College London, UK)
22. 'Unofficial Law', Doctrinal Change, and Judicial Review of Prerogative Powers, David Feldman (University of Cambridge, UK)
23. Quackery, Care and Themes in Nineteenth-Century Legal Change, Colm McGrath (King's College London, UK)
24. Judges, Jurists and Style, Jonathan Morgan (University of Cambridge, UK)

Read more here

(source: Legal History Blog)

RESEARCH MASTER CLASS: Oxford IECL Research Masterclass for Graduate Students (SEP 2025; DEADLINE 21 MAR 2025)



(image source: IECL)

September 2025

The Institute of European and Comparative Law at the Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, is running the second year of its Research Masterclass for graduate research students working in the Institute’s fields of European Law, Comparative Law and Competition Law in September 2025.
 

What the course offers:

  1. 12 small group seminars with leading academics from Oxford and beyond discussing the methodology of research in European, Comparative and Competition Law;
  2. Desk-space in the IECL from 1 September to 26 September;
  3. Research opportunities using the University of Oxford’s library and online resources: online from 1 August to 31 October;
  4. Accommodation available from Corpus Christi College (Lampl Building) at preferential rates for 30 August to 28 September (approx. £48 pppn);
  5. Dinner in an Oxford College and lunches normally accompanying seminars;
  6. Networking opportunities with current Oxford Graduate students: you will be paired with an Oxford student in a similar or related field as well as being able to work with the whole cohort;
  7. A certificate of completion.

Cost

The course costs £800, with accommodation to be paid separately (College accommodation at a
reduced rate is offered but not required) and most meals are paid separately. We have kept costs down
as far as possible and are not in a position to offer fee waivers or other discounts.

Eligibility

To be eligible you must be a graduate research student in law working on European Law, Comparative
Law and/or Competition Law. Places are limited.

How to apply

Please send a single document, describing your research project in no more than 200 words, and a CV, in total not more than 4 sides of A4 (font size 12) addressed to the IECL Administrator, on administrator@iecl.ox.ac.uk as soon as possible and no later than 4pm BST 21 March 2025. Decisions will be taken soon after that. An offer to take part is conditional on paying the course fee. 

Note

The IECL will issue an invitation letter. However, we cannot assist with immigration requirements or travel arrangements; those are the responsibility of the attending student.

Further details of the structure of the course are below. We look forward to welcoming you to Oxford!

Matthew Dyson
Professor of Civil and Criminal Law
Director of the IECL

Course Structure

The Research Masterclass is designed to give you space to work on your own research collaboratively and develop your methods further through structured sessions with leading academics. Those sessions happen three times a week over the four weeks. Each session will involve the academic picking a piece of work, set in advance, which the students will have access to (or a part of it), and discussing the methods used, the decisions made, and the impact evident, from conception to completion. While all four weeks have that basic patter, each week has an emphasis. Outside of the seminars, participants are free to work at their desk in the seminar room, in one of Oxford’s world-leading libraries or elsewhere.

Week 1. Research Choices: seminars focus on methodology needed before research begins.

Week 2. Research Execution: seminars focus on case studies of academics’ work.

Week 3. Research Challenges: seminars focus on problems researchers have faced.

Week 4. Research Outputs: seminars focus on writing, and presenting, research.

Academics involved so far (subject to change)

Prof Matthew Dyson (Comparative Law)
Prof Ariel Ezrachi (Competition Law)
Prof Liz Fisher (Comparative Public Law)
Prof Son Bui (Asian Law)
Dr Johannes Ungerer (Conflicts of Laws)
Prof Iyiola Solanke (EU Law)
Prof Angus Johnston (EU Law)
Prof Sanja Bogojevic (EU Law)
Prof Birke Haecker, Bonn (Comparative legal history)
Prof Laura Carlson, Stockholm (Comparative law and equality law)

Learning Outcomes

  • Make progress analysing and clarifying an abstract question, grasping and critically comparing different approaches to answering it, and developing an approach of your own;
  • Increase skills in building and taking apart complex arguments for and against a position;
  • where necessary, be able to put difficult historical texts produced within a historical context;
  • improve on constructing significant pieces of writing that provide a clear overview of a subject and a sustained independent argument about it, presented in a lucid, objective and scholarly manner
  • advance towards excellent oral presentation;
  • develop time management skills; and
  • make more effective use of libraries, information technology and other sources of information.
Read more here.

28 January 2025

BOOK: Aurora ALMADA E SANTOS & Yvette SANTOS (eds.), The League of Nations Experience. Overlapping Readings (Berlin: DeGruyter Oldenbourg, 2025), ISBN 9783111063973

 

(image source: DeGuyter Oldenbourg)

Abstract:

As an early experiment in the creation of multilateral institutions, the League of Nations was entrusted by its members to maintain peace but also to be a standard-maker and a manager of contemporary problems and challenges requiring a global response. Nevertheless, after a while it became clear that its performance in addressing major conflicts did not live up to the expectations of guarantying collective security. In the functional areas, although the organization created precedents, it also showed limitations. Due to its complexity, increasingly the League of Nations has been studied not only from an institutional perspective but also from a more multidimensional and comparative point of view that allows to consider the presence and role of the organization in various scales and spaces, besides its relationship with a diversity of actors and themes. The League of Nations Experience: Overlapping Readings offers a multitude of interpretations, evincing some of the promising avenues through which the League of Nations continues to inspire academic research.

On the editors:

Aurora Almada e Santos and Yvette Santos, NOVA University Lisbon, Portugal. 

Read more here

27 January 2025

SSRN PAPER: Jeremy KESSLER, "The Origins of "The Rule of Law"" (Law & Contemporary Problems LXXXVII (2025)

 

(image source: Wikimedia Commons)


Abstract:

This Article offers a novel account of the origins of “the rule of law” in the English-speaking world. The phrase itself likely entered the language as a literal translation of the Latin regula juris. Prior to the early seventeenth century, however, the phrase appears to have been used exclusively to refer to the specific legal rule or maxim most relevant to the resolution of a particular kind of dispute. The more general and abstract use of the phrase – to refer to an ideal of political morality or an ideal type of governance – first appeared in the public record around 1610. It did so in the context of English common lawyers’ criticism of royal economic regulation limiting commodity production and circulation. The ideal type of governance that these common lawyers had in mind was the rule of common-law rules. They believed that the “chief subject or object” of these rules was the freedom of Englishmen to dispose of their possessions and professional skills as they wished, and to profit thereby. The earliest advocates of “the rule of law” thus found themselves in the vanguard of a cross-class project that sought to privilege the equal liberty of commodity exchangers over other long-recognized political, religious, and economic entitlements. Consequently, the original rule of law – the rule of common-law rules – came with a set of libertarian and egalitarian expectations, in addition to expectations of publicity, clarity, regularity, and so on. When A.V. Dicey popularized “the rule of law” in the late nineteenth century, he claimed to be restating age-old English common sense. While this claim exaggerated the continuity and coherence of English legal history, Dicey’s conception of the rule of law did indeed track the original, early-seventeenth-century conception in significant respects, including its libertarianism, its market-oriented egalitarianism, and its commitment to the supremacy of the common law. For both Dicey and his early modern precursors, the key to the equal liberty of English subjects was the centrality of common law courts to the settlement of disputes, whether between private parties, or between private parties and public officials. Contemporaneous critics of Dicey’s conception thus rightly understood him to be defending a legal worldview that dated to the early days of competitive capitalism. Yet the appeal of that worldview persists. In the middle of the twentieth century, Anglophone legal philosophers did craft an alternative: a more austere and generalizable conception of the rule of law, one freed from the libertarian, egalitarian, and common-law sensibilities of Dicey and his precursors. While an intellectual coup, this minimalist conception has proven unsatisfying not only to legal practitioners but also to a growing number of legal theorists, including some of the minimalist conception’s erstwhile defenders. For these critics, Jeremy Waldron foremost among them, the minimalist conception fails to capture common-sense understandings of both law and the rule of law. But why does the contemporary common sense to which Waldron appeals so closely echo the concerns of common lawyers in 1610? This Article argues that the answer lies in the limited yet significant socio-economic context shared by early modern common lawyers, late nineteenth century jurists, and contemporary legal theorists. That shared context is the dominance of commodity exchange, which has characterized capitalist societies since their emergence in sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe. The common lawyers who first used the phrase “the rule of law” to denote an ideal of political morality were responding to a profound and lasting social and economic transformation. That transformation – the penetration of commodity exchange into ever more domains of social life – gave rise to demands for the rule of law four hundred years ago, and continues to shape discourse about the rule of law today.

 Source: Legal History Blog.

Read more here.

PRIZE: Premio Filangieri 2024 per giovani giuristi (edizione 2024) (DEADLINE 31 JAN 2025)


 

l presente modulo consente di partecipare al Premio Filangieri per giovani giuristi (edizione 2024), di cui al seguente bandohttps://bit.ly/BandoFilangieri2024 


L’ammissione al concorso è riservata ai candidati di qualsiasi nazionalità che, tra il 1° gennaio 2024 e il 31 dicembre 2024, abbiano conseguito, con votazione non inferiore a 105, una laurea in materie giuridiche, ovvero un titolo equivalente presso un’università estera, e che, alla data del 31 dicembre 2024, non abbiano ancora compiuto il 31° anno d’età.

Fino a tre borse di euro 500 l'una, più eventuali menzioni speciali senza premi in denaro, saranno attribuite ai candidati che, nella propria lettera di motivazione, meglio riescano ad evidenziare i punti di contatto tra la propria tesi di laurea e le opere di Gaetano Filangieri (disponibili presso il sito https://bit.ly/OpereFilangieri).

Non occorre che la tesi di laurea faccia riferimento a Filangieri o ad altri esponenti dell'Illuminismo. L'abilità del candidato sarà infatti quella di individuare ed illustrare i profili di continuità tra la propria tesi di laurea in giurisprudenza, in qualsiasi materia (es. diritto costituzionale, penale, internazionale, ecc.), ed il pensiero di Filangieri, che propose di riformare la legislazione in diversi campi, formulando considerazioni ancora attualissime. 

I vincitori saranno selezionati da una Commissione composta da Amedeo Arena (professore ordinario presso l'Università Federico II), Riccardo Imperiali di Francavilla (partner presso lo Studio legale Imperiali e rappresentante degli eredi Filangieri presso l'omonimo Museo civico) e Raffaele Sabato (giudice presso la Corte europea dei diritti dell'Uomo).

Per eventuali chiarimenti: PremioFilangieri2020@gmail.com.

(source: PremioFilangieri

24 January 2025

CALL FOR ASSISTANT REVIEWS EDITOR: Comparative Legal History [Deadline: 15 APR 2025]

 

 
 
The European Society for Comparative Legal History (ESCLH) is seeking applications for the position of an Assistant Reviews Editor of its flagship journal, Comparative Legal History. The position is appropriate for a student (undergraduate or postgraduate) or early career academic with an interest in legal history.
 
The Assistant Reviews Editor will contribute to the advancement of comparative legal history as part of a supportive and dedicated team. His or her primary responsibility will be to liaison between the journal's reviewers and book publishers. In addition, the Assistant Reviews Editor will contribute (to the extent of her or his interest) to identifying potential books for review and reviewers, and to publishing notices of CLH's book reviews in the ESCLH Blog and in other forums.
 
Comparative Legal History is an official academic forum of the ESCLH. Published since 2013, it aims to offer a space for the development of comparative legal history. Based in Europe, it welcomes contributions that explore law in different times and jurisdictions from across the globe.
 
Applications, with a brief cover letter and short CV (no more than 2 pages), should be sent to Matthew Dyson (President of the ESCLH), matthew dot dyson at law dot ox dot ac dot uk, by 15 April 2025.
 
The ESCLH particularly welcomes applications from people belonging to groups underrepresented in academia in general, and in the ESCLH and the journal in particular.
 
This position is not paid (as is the case for all the editorial positions in the journal).

ARTICLE: Klaas DYKMANN, "The administrative culture(s) of the League of Nations Secretariat" (Administory VII (2022), nr. 1), 67-79

 


Abstract:

The chapter discusses the administrative culture(s) of the League of Nations Secretariat in the foundational years and asks what constituted the original administrative culture(s) of the League’s international civil service. The main argument is that decisions in the formative years of the League’s Secretariat led to an internationalised Western bureaucratic model, balancing autonomy and legitimacy concerns. While efficiency was essential, acquiring an international character for the secretariat seemed rather more desirable than mandatory. These factors had a decisive impact on the administrative culture in the League’s early years (and beyond).

Read the article (published in November 2024) in open access here: DOI  10.2478/adhi-2022-0017.

JOURNAL: Journal of the History of International Law/Revue d'histoire du droit international XXVI (2024), nr. 4

 

(image source: Brill)

The Papal Bulls Dividing the Americas between Spain and Portugal: A Reappraisal (Kent McNeil)
DOI 10.1163/15718050-bja10114
Abstract:

The papacy recently repudiated the doctrine of discovery that was relied upon by European nations when they colonized lands inhabited by Indigenous peoples. However, the Vatican did not repeal the papal bulls that authorized and provided canon law support for colonization of West Africa and the Americas by Portugal and Spain. This article examines these bulls and questions the Pope’s legal authority to issue them. It contends that the bulls bound only the Christian monarchs who accepted the Pope’s authority in this regard. They had no legal force insofar as the Indigenous peoples were concerned. Moreover, the historical record reveals that other colonizing European powers, such as France and England, rejected the validity of the bulls. In fact, Spain and Portugal acquired their overseas empires in the fifteen and sixteenth centuries, not by means of discovery or papal bulls, but by subduing Indigenous peoples and forcibly occupying their territories.

Law Wars: Academia and the Manufacture of International Humanitarian Law (Page Wilson)
DOI 10.1163/15718050-bja10115
Abstract:

Despite the emergence of much critical discourse on the conventional history of international humanitarian law (IHL) over the last decades, the way in which this conventional history is told and re-told remains virtually unaltered in one key area of dissemination: teaching materials. By conducting an in-depth examination of these materials, this article uncovers the techniques used over time to generate and perpetuate the conventional IHL history. In so doing, it helps to explain how and why the conventional IHL history continues largely unchanged in textbooks to this day.

Taming the Leviathan? The Reason of State in International Law (Valentina Vadi)
DOI 10.1163/15718050-bja10111
Abstract:

In humanist political theory, the reason of state mostly described a course of action that did not follow the usual criteria of law but rather what was useful. Nonetheless, a broader understanding of the reason of state focused on the community’s core values. Such common interests (ius status or ragion di stato) could be contrasted with, and balanced against, those of the international community (ius gentium or ragione delle genti). According to the latter view, the reason of state did not abolish the rule of law. Rather, it indicated state governance to preserve public safety (conservare lo stato). The article investigates how Alberico Gentili (1552–1608), a religious refugee and Regius Professor at the University of Oxford, transplanted the reason of state from political theory into the law of nations while subjecting it to natural law (ius naturalis), which can be compared to the contemporary notion of jus cogens.

Book reviews

  • Reckoning with Empire: Self-Determination in International Law, written by Miriam Bak McKenna (Kalana Senaratne)
  • East Asians in the League of Nations: Actors, Empires and Regions in Early Global Politics, edited by Christopher R. Hughes and Hatsue Shinohara (Hirofumi Oguri)
Read more here.

23 January 2025

JOURNAL: Historia et ius - Num. 26, December 2024 (open access)

 



Num. 26 - December 2024 Authors - English

​​​​
  • 1) In ricordo di Aurelio Cernigliaro (1949-2024), di Gianfranco Stanco - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.24 - 1 December 2024 - PDF 
  • 2) Ricordo di Isidoro Soffietti (1939-2024), di Francesco Aimerito - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.25 - 1 December 2024 - PDF

Temi e questioni
  • 3) Italo Birocchi, I manuali di storia del diritto in Italia dal dopoguerra ad oggi - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.20 - 1 November 2024 - PDF

Studi (valutati tramite blind peer review)
  • 4) Giulio Abbate, «Creatures of commercial necessity». Pratiche cambiarie tra usi mercantili e disciplina legislativa nel caso indiano (1866-1896) - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.22 - 15 November 2024 - PDF
  • 5) Federica Boldrini, Occultare, differire, condonare: il non intervento dell’autorità ecclesiastica come mezzo di prevenzione dello scandalo nella dottrina canonistica tra Medioevo e prima Età moderna - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.7 - 1 September 2024 - PDF
  • 6) David De Concilio, «Non carius vendant transeuntibus, quam in mercato vendere possunt». Note sulla portata del c. Placuit (X. 3.17.1) per la teoria canonistica del giusto prezzo (XIII-XV secolo) - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.21 - 1 November 2024 - PDF
  • 7) Giuseppina De Giudici, Jus gentium e diritto di legazione in età moderna: gli Stati terzi e la securitas dei legati in transito - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.3 - 15 July 2024 - PDF
  • 8) Ileana Del Bagno, Diritti riconosciuti, libertà negate. Ruralizzazione fascista e antiurbanesimo - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.6 - 15 July 2024 - PDF
  • 9) Michele Fedrighini, «La Comune resta sempre la stessa». Proprietà collettive e rappresentanza comunale: la comunità di Rovato alle soglie della modernità - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.8 - 1 September 2024 - PDF
  • 10) Emanuela Fugazza, Dalla tradizione dei placiti alle «dispute informali». Profili inediti della giustizia piacentina nell’XI secolo - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.12 - 15 September 2024 - PDF
  • 11) Davide Maddalena, Alla ricerca dei doveri pubblici dello Stato liberale italiano: considerazioni iniziali sulla dottrina e le istituzioni (1861-1915) - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.9 - 1 September 2024 - PDF
  • 12) Lorenzo Maniscalco, Common law, equità e interpretazione degli statutes nel diritto inglese di età moderna - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.2 - 1 July 2024 - PDF 
  • 13) Maura Mordini, Scripsit de sortibus: Mariano Sozzini il Vecchio e la magia, tra teologia e diritto nell’epoca del cambiamento (sec. XV) - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.18 - 1 November 2024 - PDF
  • 14) Gustavo Adolfo Nobile Mattei, “Ad meliorem statum et clementiorem remedium”. Ossequio alla tradizione e novità legislative nell’opera di Grimoaldo - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.15 - 15 October 2024 - PDF
  • 15) Lorenzo Pacinotti, Dalle poor laws alla assicurazione sociale: dimensioni amministrative e proiezioni europee - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.10 - 15  September 2024 - PDF

Interventi
  • ​16) Amadou Abdoulaye Diop, Le notariat dans les anciennes colonies françaises en Afrique de l’Ouest L’exemple du Sénégal 1893-1960 - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.19 - 15 November 2024 - PDF
  • 17) Andrea Errera, Fonti statutarie di Parma in tema di diritto dell’alimentazione: una ricognizione archivistica - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.5 - 15 July 2024 - PDF
  • 18) Isabella Ferrari, Analisi storica dello sviluppo della tutela brevettuale tra civil e common law - 15 June 2024 - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.1 - PDF
  • 19) Matteo Carmine Fiocca, Verso la formazione di un diritto ecclesiastico patrio  napoletano. Giurisdizionalismo e «polizia ecclesiastica»a Napoli nel Settecento. Prime ricerche - 20 October 2024 - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.16 - PDF
  • 20) Luigi Gennaro, Una testimonianza inedita sulla vicenda giudiziaria del delitto Matteotti (1924) - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.14 - 1 October 2024 - PDF
  • 21) Anton Gera, L’evoluzione storica dei poteri del Capo dello Stato in Albania (1912-2016) -DOI 10.32064/26.2024.4 - 15 July 2024 - PDF
  • 22) Eric Gojosso, Reconsidering the Franco-Thai dispute of 1940-1941 - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.17 - 20 October 2024 - PDF
  • 23) Lorenzo Pacinotti, Il piano Beveridge nell’Italia fascista. Una ricostruzione storica per nuove prospettive di ricerca - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.13 - 1 October 2024 - PDF
  • 24) Gianluca Russo, Eccezione per eccezioni. Il dibattito sulla pena di morte: 1967-1982. (Materiali per uno studio sui giuristi nell’Italia dell’emergenza) - DOI 10.32064/26.2024.11 - 15 September 2024 - PDF

BOOK: Moritz MIHATSCH & Michael MULLIGAN (eds.), Shifting Sovereignties. A Global History of a Concept in Practice (Berlin: DeGruyter Oldenbourg, 2025), ISBN 9783111447117, €129

(image source: DeGruyter Oldenbourg

Abstract:

Shifting Sovereignties explores practical manifestations of sovereignty from antiquity to the Anthropocene. Taking a global-history perspective and centring Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, it destabilises overly neat theoretical notions of the concept. Shifting Sovereignties shows that, in practice, sovereignty is far from absolute, perpetual, indivisible, or supreme; rather it is fuzzy, compromised, fragmented, and layered. From these observations, the authors derive a historical conceptualisation which makes change and contingency core aspects of the understanding of sovereignty. Rather than understanding sovereignty as a characteristic of individual states, Mihatsch and Mulligan propose the notion of “sovereignty regimes”: frameworks of legitimation enforced through mutual recognition. These regimes are created and managed by more or less institutionalised structures which embody what the authors call “system sovereignty.” Sovereignty regimes and system sovereignty are, like sovereignty itself, continuously changing and contingent. This process of change forms the core of the book. Shifting Sovereignties thus contributes a practical, historical perspective on a concept which is foundational in political science, international relations, and international law.

On the editors:

Moritz A. Mihatsch, University of Cambridge, UK; Michael R. Mulligan, Euro University of Bahrain.

Read more here

22 January 2025

BOOK: Michael GRÜTTNER, Talar und Hakenkreuz. Die Universitäten im Dritten Reich (München: C.H. Beck, 2024), 704 p. ISBN 9783406813429, € 44

 

(image source: Beck)

Abstract:

Lange Zeit haben sich die deutschen Universitäten vor allem als Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Herrschaft gesehen. Erst allmählich und widerstrebend setzte sich die Einsicht durch, dass das nicht die ganze Geschichte ist. Inzwischen sind zahlreiche Untersuchungen zu einzelnen Universitäten, Disziplinen, Wissenschaftlern erschienen. Michael Grüttner legt mit diesem Buch auf der Grundlage jahrelanger Quellenforschung erstmals eine Gesamtdarstellung zu den Universitäten im Dritten Reich vor. Die 23 Universitäten, die am Ende der Weimarer Republik in Deutschland existierten, waren seit 1933 massiven «Säuberungen» ausgesetzt, die sich vor allem gegen Studierende und Wissenschaftler jüdischer Herkunft richteten. Dieser «Machtergreifung» von oben entsprach eine «Machtergreifung» von unten: Viele Professoren traten in die Partei ein, manche versuchten wie Carl Schmitt und Martin Heidegger, sich als Vordenker des NS-Regimes in Stellung zu bringen. Michael Grüttner schildert eindringlich die erstaunlich geräuschlose Machtübernahme der Nationalsozialisten, analysiert die Hochschulpolitik des Regimes, die sich ganz unterschiedlich auf die verschiedenen Fächer auswirkte, und erklärt, warum die Wissenschaften im Dienst des Nationalsozialismus nicht nur unfreier wurden, sondern mitunter sogar größere Handlungsspielräume besaßen als je zuvor. Ein Epilog zur Nachgeschichte rundet diese souveräne, längst überfällige Gesamtgeschichte ab.

On the author:

Michael Grüttner lehrte Neuere Geschichte in Hamburg, Berlin und Berkeley. Seit seinem Buch «Studenten im Dritten Reich» (1995) hat er sich intensiv mit den Universitäten im Dritten Reich und der nationalsozialistischen Wissenschaftspolitik beschäftigt. Für den «Gebhardt», das bedeutendste Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte, schrieb er den Band über das Dritte Reich in den Jahren 1933 – 1939 (2015). 

 Read more here.


JOURNAL: Rivista internazionale di diritto comune XXXV (2024)

(Image source: Euno edizioni)


Memorie di umanità e diritto 

  • The Tyranny of Law: Summum ius, summa iniuria (Kenneth Pennington)
  • Tra Longobardi, grifoni e castelli: Riccardo cuor di leone a Messina (Federico Martino)

Saggi

  • Individual, Territory and Intention: Citizenship in the Medieval Legal Debate (Sara Menzinger)
  • La Bolla d’Oro del re ungherese Andrea II e il diritto comune (Péter Bónis)
  • Antonio Roselli’s Role in a Florentine Arbitration between Averardo and Michele di Lapo da Castiglionchio and Antonia di Pierozzo Strozzi (Elena Brizio – Julius Kirshner)
  • Diritto internazionale e relazioni interconfessionali: introduzione al tema 
  • Il diritto delle nazioni nei viaggi in Oriente di Giovanni di Pian di Carpine, Guglielmo di Rubruk e Marco Polo (Andrea Padovani)
  • Fedeli, infedeli e zelus fidei nella tradizione giuridica: da Francesco d’Assisi a Dante (Christian Zendri)
  • An international right of self-determination in the 14th century? The chance of an international legal order in the Middle Ages, the Declaration of Arbroath 1320 and the independence of peoples (Mathias Schmoeckel)
  • Il patto con gli infedeli: un impium foedus? Venezia, i Turchi ed Enea Silvio Piccolomini / Pio II prima e dopo la caduta di Costantinopoli (Orazio Condorelli)
  • The Discreet Chasm of Religious Incompatibility: Pierre Goudelin’s De iure pacis commentarius (1620) (Alain Wijffels)
  • Infidelitas e dominazione sulle Indie: il pensiero di Diego de Avedaño (1594-1688) (Luisa Brunori)
  • La francisation des Amérindiens au 17e siècle. Enjeux économiques, politico-religieux et juridiques (Serge Dauchy)

Varie 

  • Vocazioni di Bartolo (Ferdinando Treggiari)
  • Gerhard Dilcher (1932-2024). In memoriam (Christian Zendri)

Orientamenti bibliografici 

  • Bibliografia


More information can be found here.

21 January 2025

PODCAST: Jeanne Chauvin (1862-1926), le barreau au féminin (France Culture, Toute une vie, 20 JAN 2025)

First paragraph:

Le 21 janvier 1901, la féministe Jeanne Chauvin devient la première femme à plaider dans un tribunal jusqu' alors interdit aux « femmes-avocats ». Aujourd’hui, grâce au combat de cette pionnière, les femmes en robe représentent 60 % de la profession d'avocat.

Panel:

  • Luc Duchamp, conservateur en chef du patrimoine de la ville de Provins.
  • Hélène Duffuler-Vialle, maîtresse de conférence en histoire du droit, chercheuse, spécialiste des études de genre.
  • Michèle Dassas, écrivaine, autrice de « Jeanne Chauvin, pionnière des avocates ».
  • Aurélie Chaney, avocate et autrice avec Djoïna Amrani du roman graphique « Jeanne Chauvin, la plaidoirie dans le sang ».
  • Jean-Noël Jeanneney, historien, auteur de l’article, La victoire de Jeanne Chauvin, avocate paru dans le journal « Le Monde » (21 juillet 1987).
  • Christiane Féral-Schuhl, ex-bâtonnière du barreau de Paris et ancienne présidente du Conseil national des barreaux.
  • Julia Minkowski, avocate pénaliste et féministe, cofondatrice du Club des avocates pénalistes.

Read more here

CALL FOR PAPERS: História das Profissões Jurídicas (Lisbon: University of Lisbon, 29-30 MAY 2025) [DEADLINE 31 JAN 2025]

 


More information on the Iuris website.

PHD STUDENTSHIP: Early women solicitors in England and Wales 1919-1939 (Lady Cruickshank Studentship) [DEADLINE 3 MARCH 2025]

 

(image source: jobs.ac.uk)

Based in the Department of Law at Queen Mary University of London, the Lady Cruickshank studentship is valued at £25 000 per annum for three fulltime equivalent years, covering:

  • Annual tuition fees for a Home or International student (for 2024-25 these were £4,786 for full-time Home students, and £23,050 for full-time International students.  The fee rate for future years to be confirmed)); and
  • The remainder to be paid to the student as a tax-free stipend for your living (in regular instalments) or research (as a lump sum) costs.  

About this project

In 2016 Elizabeth Cruickshank published a paper entitled “’Follow the Money’: the first women who qualified as solicitors 1922-1930”.  A central argument of “Follow the Money” was that women’s ability to practice law in the first two decades after the enactment of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 was primarily facilitated by family connections, in particular, by solicitor fathers seeking to replace their deceased soldier sons in the family law firm.

This studentship picks up the theme of “Follow the Money” Using previous research undertaken by Lady Cruickshank and the records of the Association of Women Solicitors, the studentship will facilitate the writing of a PhD thesis which explores Lady Cruickshank’s ideas.  The PhD awardee will work with supervisors to define the scope, research questions, and research methods for the doctoral project. 

 It is envisaged that the research will include an examination of the following questions:

  • To what extent and in what ways was the solicitors’ profession affected by World War One?
  • What was the public and professional discourse surrounding the admission of women to the legal profession?
  • What was the position of women who qualified as solicitors between 1922-1939?
  1.   How many qualified? What can be said about them as individuals and as a group?
  2.   Of those who qualified, how many were able to practice as lawyers? What were the obstacles facing aspiring women solicitors?
  3.   How many trained and/or were employed in a firm to which they had family connections? Of those who trained and/or fund employment elsewhere
  4.   How did this phenomenon affect the development of their careers and those of other women who did not or could not avail themselves of this pathway into the profession? For example, did      it curtail their professional development? Were they able to continue with feminist activism (where relevant)?
  5.   To what extent did women work as individuals or did they make use of informal or formal associations? To what extent did they make a difference to either the numbers or the experiences of    early women solicitors? 
  • What barriers did women seeking to become lawyers during this period face?

Academic Enquiries

For academic queries, contact c.morris@qmul.ac.uk  

For enquiries relating to eligibility or application process, email Mr Gareth Skehan, g.skehan@qmul.ac.uk.

Application requirements

All applicants should have a postgraduate degree in Law at either Distinction or Merit level.   

For information click the 'Apply' button above.

It is expected that all applications will be accompanied by:

  • a research proposal of approximately 3000 words that displays a good command of past and current academic and professional writing on women solicitors and an appreciation of how the proposed thesis sits within the field; and
  • a detailed cv and supporting statement demonstrating the applicant’s suitability and interest in the field.

You must name Professor Morris as the intended supervisor on the application form.

Start date of course:  September 2025

(source: jobs.ac.uk)

SEMINAR: Il diritto del Secolo breve. Lezioni sui grandi giuristi del Novecento (Rome: Università Tor Vergata, 23 JAN 2025)

 

SEMINAR SERIES: Codicologie quantitative et sociologie du livre médiéval (2024-2025) : « Codicologie des technologies législatives » (Paris: LAMOP/Sorbonne, JAN - APR 2025)

(Image source: Sorbonne Université)


GENERAL INFORMATION

Le séminaire se tient à la Sorbonne, en salle Édouard Perroy de 17h30 à 19h30

Informations complémentaires : fforonda@univ-paris1.fr

Séminaire fondé par Ezio ORNATO, Jean-Philippe GENET et Carla BOZZOLO et coordonné par François FORONDA, Émilie COTTEREAU-GABILLET et Octave JULIEN


SCHEDULE 

  • 30 janvier 2025: De Codes en Bréviaire. Prolégomènes : encore antiques ? Déjà médiévaux ?

Avec Sylvain DESTEPHEN (Université de Caen Normandie, Centre Michel de Boüard – CRAHAM), Bruno DUMÉZIL (Université Paris Sorbonne, centre Roland Mousnier) et Olivier HUCK (Université de Strasbourg, ArcHiMèdE)

  • Jeudi 13 février: Une première renovatio du pouvoir de faire loi : une mutation technique ?

Avec Magali COUMERT (Université de Tours, CeTHiS), Laurent JÉGOU (Université Paris Nanterre, ArScAn) et Sylvie JOYE (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Lamop)

  • Jeudi 6 mars: Regnum versus Sacerdotium : émulation et standardisation

Avec Fabrice DELIVRÉ (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Lamop), Charles DE MIRAMON (EHESS, Centre de Recherches Historiques – AhloMA) et Gianluca DEL MONACO (Università di Bologna)

  • Jeudi 13 mars: Épiphanies législatives : Liber Augustalis et Fuero Juzgo, circulations et traductions

Avec Mónica CASTILLO LLUCH (Université de Lausanne), Benoît GRÉVIN (EHESS, Centre de Recherches Historiques – AhloMA) et Annick PETERS-CUSTOT (Université de Nantes, CRHIA)

  • Jeudi 3 avril: Systématisations ibériques : autour du Fuero Real et des Usatges, des productions en série ?

Avec Maria Alessandra BILOTTA (Universidade Nova de Lisboa, IEM), Inés FERNÁNDEZ-ORDÓÑEZ (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Real Academia Española) et Elena RODRÍGUEZ DÍAZ (Universidad de Huelva, Real Academia de la Historia)

  • Jeudi 10 avril: Force de loi : explorations d’archéologie matérielle

Avec Gilduin DAVY (Université Paris Nanterre, Centre d’Histoire et d’Anthropologie du Droit), Marie DEJOUX (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Lamop) et Octave JULIEN (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Lamop-PIREH)


More information can be found here.

20 January 2025

CALL FOR PAPERS: Justice’ and ‘Legality in Imperial and Post-Imperial Spaces (Tbilisi, Georgia, 1-3 May 2025) [DEADLINE 31 January 2025]



This three-day conference will focus on the struggles of ethnic and religious minorities within the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, its successor states, and neighboring regions such as West Asia and South Asia. Scholars are invited to explore how these minorities invoked the concepts of ‘justice’ and ‘legality’ to challenge authority and further their rights, from the mid-19th century to the present day.

Key Themes and Questions

  • How did elites and ordinary people conceptualize ‘rule of law,’ ‘justice,’ and ‘legality’ in their sociopolitical contexts?
  • In what ways did ethnic and religious minorities utilize these concepts in their appeals to authority? What were their goals, and what outcomes did they achieve?
  • How did minorities navigate legal and political systems under imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet regimes?


This event will also address the roles of minorities within political and cultural elites, such as imperial lawyers, judges, and party officials, as well as activists and ordinary citizens.


Submission Guidelines

Language of Presentations: English, French, or Russian

Proposals:
Submit a CV and an abstract (max 500 words) detailing your research methodology to Maija.Susarina@zmo.de by 31 January 2025.

Acknowledgment and Notification:
Applicants will receive confirmation of receipt and a decision on their participation within 4 weeks.


Practical Information

Location: Tbilisi, Georgia (Proposed Venue: Ilia State University, 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Ave., F Building, Office F.404)
Dates: 1-3 May 2025

Please note: Due to the current political situation in Georgia, the venue may be relocated to Armenia or Turkey. Confirmation will be provided by the end of February.

Funding: Limited travel grants (transport and accommodation) are available, with priority for PhD students and regional scholars.

Publication: Selected conference papers, upon revision, will be included in a special issue or edited volume.


For more details, contact: Maija.Susarina@zmo.de


Source: Connections. A Journal for Historians and Area Specialists

Don’t miss this opportunity to engage in a rich interdisciplinary dialogue on justice, legality, and minority rights in historical and post-imperial contexts!

17 January 2025

CALL FOR PAPERS: Native Legal Histories: Methods, Sovereignties, and Identities (Stanford: Stanford Law School, 11 APR 2025): DEADLINE 31 JAN 2025

(Image source: Raven)


The Stanford Center for Law and History (SCLH) invites paper-proposal submissions from graduate students for its seventh annual conference, “Native Legal Histories: Methods, Sovereignties, and Identities.” The Native nations forcibly included within the United States have had complex and nuanced legal histories. This conference will explore histories of both Indigenous law and Native encounters with U.S. law to better understand Indigenous communities’ legal experiences and understandings.It will bring together scholars of law and history to examine Indigenous legal histories across a range of venues and themes. Focusing, in particular, on questions of methods, sovereignties, and identities, the conference seeks to consider how the growing and robust field of Native legal history might help us to reconsider familiar narratives of law and its past.

This one-day conference will be held on Friday, April 11th, 2025, at Stanford Law School. It will include four panels and a graduate student lighting round with breakfast and lunch provided. 

Areas of possible, but not exhaustive, legal-historical interest include:

  • Methodologies in Indigenous Legal History
  • Native Peoples and the Courts
  • Sovereignty and Tribal Law 
  • Treaties and Constitutions  
  • Indigenous Identity and the Law 

SCLH's goal is to bring together faculty, postdocs, and students for workshops, conferences, and lectures examining the relationships between law and history, broadly defined. With these goals in mind we encourage submissions from scholars working across disciplines.

The conference organizers will select one graduate student as the winner of the SCLH Graduate Student Paper Prize. This student will present on one of the four conference panels. Funding for travel and housing will be provided.

Application Requirements:

  • CV
  • Paper abstract (500 words or less)


Applications closed on January 31st, 2025. Please direct any questions to sclh@law.stanford.edu.

More information can be found here.