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01 October 2026

BOOK: Zachary HERZ, The God and the Bureaucrat: Roman Law, Imperial Sovereignty and Other Stories [Studies in Legal History] (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2025), 422 p., ISBN 9781009629928

(image source: CUP)

Abstract:
Why is Roman law so boring? In this book, Zachary Herz argues that the bureaucratic, positivistic world of Roman law is not a distraction from the violent autocracy of the Roman empire, but an imagined escape. Lawyers, bureaucrats, and even emperors used legal writing to think about worlds that were safer or fairer than the one in which they lived. This archive of political imagination slowly became a law-code, and now guides readers through a legal system about which its authors could only dream. From Augustus to Justinian, this book shows how law symbolized order in chaotic times, and how that symbol eventually took on a life of its own. From the enlightened judgements of Hadrian to the great jurists and child rulers of Severan Rome, Herz reveals what Romans were really talking about when they talked about law.
On the author:
Zachary Herz, Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Colorado Boulder.
Table of contents:
Introduction: Did Romans Have Law? 
Two Kinds of Thinking About Hay Slouching Towards Bologna
Cicero and the Talking Law
Part I: Nevertheless, We Live According to the Laws
1. Augustus and the Birth of Imperial Legality
Law and Laughter, After Actium 
Restoring the New Order
Lampreys and the Higher Law 
Sex and the Imperial Subject
2. The Emperors Who Obeyed the Law: Vespasian, Titus, Trajan
The Power of Vespasian's Law
Predictability, Paternity, and the Emperor Titus
Law as Imperial Etiquette: The Case of Pliny
3. Letters from a God: Hadrian and the Rescript System
Hadrian's Revolution
The Perpetual Edict
The Right of Response and Juristic Centralization
The Rescript System
Rescripts and the Language of Power
Part II: Law Without Order
4. Inheritance, Authority, and Alexander Relabeling of Legal Correspondence Methodology: How to Do Things with Justinian
The Rule of Precedent
Law in a World of Children
5. Juristic Reasoning, Citational Practices, and Law at the End of an Empire
Brilliant Cogs
A Severan Notion of Goodness Citation, Anonymity, and Regicide
Part III: New Rules
6. Towards Late-Antique Legalities Settled Law in Unsettled Times Codification: Indexing Sovereignty
How to Build a Rechtsstaat Without Really Trying
The Afterlife of the Severan Jurists
7. The Embodiment of the Civil Law
"The Whole of the Ancient Law:" The Corpus Iuris Ciuilis in Justinian's Words Why Imperial Constitutions Look Nicer in Retrospect
The Death of a Crossdresser and the Life of a Treatise
The Law, Ensouled
Conclusion: What We Talk About When We Talk About Roman Law
The Lawyer in the Maelstrom
What Law Does Instead
Appendix 1 Juristic Citations of Imperial Lawmaking in the Digest
Appendix 2 Precedential Reasoning in the Codex Justinianus
Appendix 3 Rule-Consequentialist Reasoning in the Digest 
Bibliography
Index of Terms
Index of Sources
Find more on CUP.