From 1870 onwards, there was an
increase and diversification of mobility in the Atlantic, facilitated by
developments in maritime transport that presented different characteristics
from the transport of enslaved people from Africa to the Americas or the
commercial connections from the eighteenth-century. Geographically, there was
an increasingly intense population flow involving Europe, in particular
Southern Europe, and the Americas, regions with old colonial connections. In
addition to include several other elements, such as the sharing of knowledge and
the intensification of commercial relations, the increase in mobility also
entailed new and worrying risks for Nation-States and Empires.
The increase
in the circulation of people, goods and ideas also meant greater ease in the
mobility of individuals who were dedicated to criminal practices. Moreover, the
representation in the mass media of criminal risks that transcended national
and imperial borders, forced the authorities of each country to develop
collaboration strategies that went beyond its own borders, as the
historiography dedicated to the study of the repression of anarchism and communism,
as well as the different cross-border types of theft, fraud and forgery has
demonstrated. From the end of the 19th century there was an increase in
national and international debates about illegal criminal activities - or in
criminalization proceedings - that transcended national or imperial borders and
the development of a broad perception of the expansion of criminal behaviours
of a shifting and itinerant character. Among these activities were, in addition
to the traditional smuggling, enhanced by events such as wars and economic
crises, human and drug trafficking, counterfeiting of money and other forms of
financial fraud, or arms trafficking, to name just a few examples.
In political
terms, the first decades of the 20th century witnessed a period of forced
migrations related to revolutionary political dissidence, especially after the
Russian Revolution and the “red triennium” in the Americas, but also motivated
by the world wars and fueled by the emergence of authoritarian regimes in
several countries. The perception of the increasing number of victims of forced
mobility and the economic, social and psychological impact they had on
individuals, but also in the places of departure and arrival, gave rise to
broader discussions about these phenomena. Laws restricting the entry of
migrants and the deportation of foreigners were passed in different countries
across the Atlantic world, while transatlantic surveillance began to be
organized at international police congresses held from New York and Rome to
Buenos Aires.
Aspects such
as the revolutionary threat, criminal risks and forced mobility demonstrated
that the world was facing new political and social risks, which posed
challenges to traditional forms of surveillance. These phenomena gained
increasing importance and notoriety in the press, in the security policies of
each country and in international institutions such as the League of Nations.
The relationship between increased mobility and the circulation of political
dissidents, criminalized subjects and populations forced to migrate, such as
refugees, has acquired greater protagonism in practices and representations at
a global level and demonstrated the need to rethink surveillance regimes in
order to guarantee the safety of populations and observance of the law. States
and their police forces, but also diplomacies and non-governmental actors,
engaged in the prevention and repression of these threats, internationalizing
dialogues and collaborations, which resulted in the development of
international and transnational forms of surveillance of people, goods and
information, in the exchange of knowledge in criminal investigation or
extradition of criminals.
As part of the project International
collaborations: crime and police cooperation in the Ibero-American Atlantic,
1870-1940, financed by the of the
Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation of Portugal and hosted by
CIES-Iscte, this international meeting aims to bring together researchers working
in the study of criminal behaviours of a transnational nature, transnational
mobilities and the development of forms of international and transnational
political and cross-border surveillance, involving the Atlantic and connecting
Europe, the Americas and Africa, during the 19th and 20th centuries. This
congress aims to contribute to the expansion and deepening of the
historiographical debate surrounding the transnational movement of people and
the surveillance of international crime in the Atlantic axis. Proposals should follow
the following thematic axes:
·
Forms
of transnational criminal behaviour, such as economic-financial crimes,
counterfeit currency, human trafficking, drugs and weapons, etc.
·
National,
imperial and international control and surveillance on migration and mobility.
·
Internationalization
of political, technical and public debates around the criminal question.
·
Development
of forms of international police cooperation, such as information sharing
schemes, exchange and international circulation of police officers and
development of international policing institutions.
·
Development
of forms of international judicial cooperation, such as international legal
discussion associations, development of cooperation mechanisms between judicial
systems and international development of common judicial policies.
·
Expansion
of political surveillance by state agents and cooperation in terms of combating
political movements such as anarchism and communism.
·
Non-governmental
surveillance mechanisms developed, for example, by civil society groups, banks
and other private companies.
·
Activities
developed by international institutions such as the League of Nations, the
United Nations or the International Criminal Court.
Paper proposals may be written in Portuguese, Spanish
or English and must include the author's name, institutional affiliation, the
title of the proposal, the abstract (maximum 500 words), three keywords, a
biographical note (maximum 200 words) and electronic contact. Proposals must be
sent by March 1st, 2025 to the following email: congressocrivimo.cincra@gmail.com.
Papers may be presented in Portuguese, Spanish or English.
Check our website: International Congress CINCRA
Local
Organizing Committee:
Fábio
Alexandre Faria (CIES - Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa)
Gonçalo
Rocha Gonçalves (CIES – Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa)
Maria
João Vaz (CIES - Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa)
Emmanuel
Berger (CIES - Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa)
Fernando
Cepulli (CIES - Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa)
Mariana
Mesquita (CIES - Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa)
Rebecca Dias (Instituto Diplomático e CIES - Iscte –
Instituto Universitário de Lisboa)
Scientific Board:
Cristiana
Schettini (Universidad de San Martin – Argentina)
Diego
Galeano (PUC – Rio de Janeiro - Brasil)
Diego
Pulido Esteva (Colegio de Mexico - México)
Emmanuel
Berger (CIES - Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa)
Fábio
Alexandre Faria (CIES - Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa)
Gonçalo
Rocha Gonçalves (CIES – Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa)
Irene
Vaquinhas (Universidade de Coimbra)
Marcos
Bretas (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – Brasil)
Maria
João Vaz (CIES - Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa)
Mariana
Cardoso Ribeiro (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia – Espanha)
Martin
Albornoz Crespo (Universidad San Martin – Argentina)
Mikel
Aizpuru Murua (Universidad del País Vasco – Espanha)
Pedro
Oliver Olmo (Universidad de Castilla – La Mancha - Espanha)
Yvette
Santos (Université de Lyon)
More information here.
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