JOURNAL SPECIAL ISSUE: Le ius commune à la fin du Moyen Âge et au début de l'époque moderne. Notions, méthodes, (dis)continuités - Clio@Themis 27 (2025) (open access)

 

(Source: Clio@Themis)

Dossier : Le ius commune à la fin du Moyen Âge et au début de l'époque moderne. Notions, méthodes, (dis)continuités

• Dante Fedele et Wouter Druwé: Introduction [Texte intégral]
  Le ius commune entre droit médiéval, droit moderne et histoire du droit : une notion à contenu variable - DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/12qyx
• Ken Pennington: Ancient, Medieval, and Early Modern Concepts of the Ius commune [Texte intégral] - DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/12qyo

• “Ius commune” is the term that scholars use to describe the legal system that reigned on the European continent between ca. 1100 and 1750. Modern scholars, however, have generally not understood how the term was used in Roman law, medieval and early modern law. This essay attempts to illustrate the meanings of “ius commune” in the writings of ancient, medieval, and early modern jurists.

• Andrea Padovani: Il diritto nella Chiesa. Un dibattito due-trecentesco [Texte intégral] - DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4000/12qyp

• Dalla seconda metà del sec. xii la Chiesa cattolica, ormai proiettata verso il controllo dell’Europa, si costituisce progressivamente come un organismo compatto, retto da un insieme di norme giuridiche, quale mai aveva avuto nei secoli precedenti. La costruzione di questo edificio complesso ed articolato è resa necessaria anche dalla competizione con l’Impero, che si ammanta del mito di Roma e delle sue leggi. Proprio l’assorbimento, nel Corpus Iuris Canonici, di istituti, concetti e termini tratti dal diritto romano alimenta le prime fasi di una discussione che si allarga a criticare, da parte degli ordini monastico-contemplativi, la giuridicizzazione della Chiesa, consegnata agli appetiti di ecclesiastici senza scrupoli. Se, nei primi decenni del sec. xiv, la polemica avviata dalle ali rigoriste dell’ordine francescano circa la povertà di Cristo e degli apostoli chiede un superamento delle categorie concettuali imposte dal diritto civile in favore dello ius poli, per altri – i giuristi Giovanni da Legnano e Antonio da Budrio – si tratta di riportare la funzione del diritto comune nella prospettiva della salvezza eterna e dell’ordinata vita civile.

• Florian Reverchon: L’identification de systèmes ou de théories dans les œuvres du ius commune [Texte intégral]
  L’exemple de la doctrine relative aux actes invalides (xii^e-xv^e siècle) - DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/12qyq

• La restitution des élaborations dogmatiques des auteurs du ius commune suppose parfois une démarche systématique semblant infidèle aux sources. À partir de l’exemple de la nullitas des actes juridiques, cet article propose une réflexion sur l’identification de théories dans les œuvres du droit savant. L’articulation entre la conception commune de la nullité comme vice ontologique, et le discours technique sur l’annulation des actes prohibés conduisit à des constructions que l’on peut qualifier de théories. Elles abordent la question de l’insertion de la norme dans l’ordre juridique et donc de la cohérence du droit.

• Ilya A. Kotlyar: “Generalis hypotheca est modici praeiudicii”: The adaptation of late medieval ius commune doctrine on the enforcement of obligations to contemporary legal practice [Texte intégral] - DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/12qyr

• L’exécution des dettes est toujours un domaine juridique d’une grande importance pratique, et le Moyen Âge européen n’a pas fait exception à cette règle. Beaucoup d’attention a été consacrée aux aspects techniques de l’exécution des dettes en France, en Italie ou encore aux Pays-Bas. Cependant, on ne s’est pas suffisamment intéressé à la manière dont la doctrine savante médiévale était adaptée à la pratique juridique. Les pactes exécutifs, les clauses de nonaliénation, l’excussio bonorum ou le constitutum possessionis étaient considérés comme une « question d’importance quotidienne ». Cet article étudie comment la juxtaposition de l’hypothèque générale et de l’hypothèque spéciale est apparue dans les travaux des juristes médiévaux et soutient qu’elle a été inspirée par la pratique juridique d’alors en Italie et en France.

• Robert Fredona: Consensus, Authority, and Truth in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ius Commune [Texte intégral] -  DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/12qys 

• Medieval rules that bound practicing lawyers and judges to follow the consensus of jurists were systematized in the Renaissance. A high point in the theorization of communis opinio doctorum came in the early sixteenth century. This essay contextualizes this moment by showing its relationship with late-medieval textual and pedagogical practices, new scholarly technologies in the age of print, and, most importantly, law’s essential function as a generator of probable truths in a world, not unlike our own, of radical doubt and epistemic conflict.

• Arnaud Le Gonidec: Les sédimentations du ius commune dans l’édification du droit fiscal français [Texte intégral] - DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/12qyt 

• Le droit proprement national émerge dans le dernier tiers du xvie siècle des traités juridiques de l’école dite des Politiques. Ces juristes ont réemployé les concepts du ius commune pour penser les liens sociaux en général et la solidarité fiscale en particulier. Ce réservoir de règles et de principes a alimenté une certaine idéologie publiciste dont l’égalitarisme se révèle, notamment, dans l’exégèse des métaphores fiscales au moyen du ius commune.

• Piotr Alexandrowicz: The early modern differentiae iuris civilis et canonici and ius commune [Texte intégral] - DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/12qyu

• Les differentiae iuris civilis et canonici du début de l’époque moderne constituent un genre emblématique du « nouveau ius commune », le droit savant du début de l’époque moderne qui discutait de la portée et de la pertinence du ius commune de la fin du Moyen Âge pour le système juridique de l’époque. Les auteurs des differentiae n’ont pas articulé une signification cohérente de l’expression « ius commune », et ne l’ont qu’occasionnellement appliqué avec une approche quelque peu nouvelle dans leur raisonnement, qui visait à réconcilier les divergences entre les deux corps de droit. Néanmoins, les differentiae du début de l’époque moderne peuvent être perçues comme un genre juridique dont l’un des objectifs était la cohérence interne du ius commune.

• Adolfo Giuliani: F. Calasso’s concept of ius commune, the Romanist tradition, and the problem of historical representation [Texte intégral] - DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/12qyv

• Le 16 janvier 1933, un jeune historien du droit du nom de Francesco Calasso (1904-1965) prononça une conférence sur un sujet qui allait prendre d’assaut la nouvelle génération d’historiens du droit : « Le concept du ius commune ». Il proposa une idée qui non seulement a changé l’image du passé juridique, mais qui a donné également un nouvel élan à l’histoire du droit en la plaçant au cœur de la science juridique. Aujourd’hui, nous devons revenir en arrière et examiner de près ce qu’il a dit, car le ius commune, qui est devenu au cours des décennies suivantes une clé majeure pour comprendre l’histoire du droit, a perdu de sa clarté. 

• Alain Wijffels: Epilogue [Texte intégral]
  No communis opinio on ius commune - DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/12qyw
• 
  

JOURNAL: C@ahiers du CRHiDI. histoire, droit, institutions, société XLIV (2022) [Special Issue Paroisses et pouvoir civil dans les anciens Pays-Bas sous l'Ancien Régime, ed. Philippe DESMETTE] (OPEN ACCESS)

 

(image source: Popups ULiège)

Paroisses et pouvoir civil au travers des siècles : je t’aime moi non plus ? (Philippe Desmette)

Entre paroisse et commune : la « conduite de la charité » et la législation dans les Pays-Bas du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle (Jean-Marie Cauchies)

Abstract:

A decree of Charles V (1531) lays the foundations of a legislation on assistance to the poor and entrusts the responsibility of it to the local authorities. The resulting measures bear witness to a desire to centralize actions towards pauperism. Including within the city walls, where the creation of "common grants" is recommended for this purpose. In the subsequent legislation, a sore point will be the determination of the relief place of residence of the indigent, even in the 18th century. If the concentration of charitable ways remains difficult, this sector of intervention finds municipalities and parishes working together willy-nilly.

La charge des églises et des chapelles au diocèse de Liège (1559-1794) (Christian Dury)

Abstract:

The responsibility for the churches and chapels of the diocese of Liège (1559-1794) belongs to different people and institutions. It is the source of daily difficulties, mainly concerning the tithe and its revenues. This vast dossier is approached on the basis of many examples extracted from a very abundant documentation in a territory that remained very extensive after the erection of the new dioceses in the Netherlands (1559-1570).

 Gérer les églises et tables des pauvres en Hainaut et Tournaisis, XVIe–XVIIIe siècle (Philippe Desmette)

Abstract:

The first objective of this article is to determine who, in Hainaut and Tournaisis from the 16th to the end of the 18th century, was responsible for the day-to-day management of parish institutions. The aim will be to determine the precise role of these persons and the manner in which they were appointed. Then, the question of the administration of these institutions will be considered. In other words, we will examine which authorities were competent in this matter. Rural and urban situations will be distinguished in order to determine the specificities according to institutional realities.

De la mambournie à la fabrique : la présence et l’action des laïcs dans la gestion matérielle des paroisses d’antan (Jean-François Van Caulaert)

Abstract:

Early on, the Church felt the need to limit and regulate the presence of the laity, both in its buildings and its management structures. Over the centuries, records of archidiaconal and decanal customs echoed them, while distinguishing the missions and profiles of the executing staff (sacristan, cantor, midwife, ...) from those of the management staff (guardian, church warder, treasurer, etc.), all laity whose obligations and possible remunerations varied according to the location, the wealth and the importance of the parish, but also the period considered. In addition to the rules, the inspection tour reports provide a glimpse of the margin that could be made from theory to practice.

Quand les cloches se taisent. Acteurs et enjeux autour de la suppression d’une paroisse (Saint-Nicaise de Tournai, 1769-1773) (Bernard Vandermeersch) 

Abstract:

The suppression of the parish Saint-Nicaise of Tournai in 1769 encountered some difficulties. Five actors argue about the suppression: the bishop, the cathedral chapter, the government, the city and the parishioners. Even if they disagree, they share the same view on the parish’s utility: more than a religious institution, it is an essential socio-economic structure in the local community.

Read all articles here. 

JOURNAL: Special Issue Image et Droit. Les manuscrits juridiques enluminés (eds. Maria Alessandra BILOTTA & Serge DAUCHY) (Clio@Thémis. Revue électronique d'histoire du droit) 21 (2021) (OPEN ACCESS)

 

(image source: Clio@thémis)

Image et Droit. Les manuscrits juridiques enluminés (Martie Alessandra Bilotta & Serge Dauchy)

Illuminated English Law Books (Anthony Musson)

Abstract:

Illuminated books of the English legal tradition follow distinct iconographic patterns depending on the nature of the legal material included. The article explores correlations and dissonance between image and text as well as the symbolism associated with the imagery (in both initials and the margins) and its connection to political, legal and social discourses. It evaluates what the images reveal about key concepts of medieval law and justice, including kingship and good governance, the role of parliament and the church in endorsing these, as well as how these aspects might be undermined (or paradoxically confirmed) by medieval society’s penchant for role reversal, transgression and misrule.

Per gli esordi della decorazione del Digesto in epoca medievale : le iniziali miniate del ms. 941 della Biblioteca Universitaria di Padova (Gianluca del Monaco)

Abstract:

The Digestum vetus 941 of the Biblioteca Universitaria di Padova, dating back to the first half of the twelfth century, is well known to the studies among the witnesses of the earliest manuscript tradition of the work. However, the fine penwork initials adorning the manuscript have not been equally investigated, except for a few recent insights. The article explores the uncommon iconographies of some initials and analyses the style of the miniatures, advancing possible connections with the contemporary book illumination close to the milieu of Matilda of Canossa.

L’acquisizione del dominio tramite occupazione. Il rapporto testo-immagine nelle illustrazioni del libro 41, tit. 1 del Digesto e del libro 2, tit. 1 delle Istituzioni di Giustiniano nei manoscritti della BnF (xiii-xiv secolo) (Viviana Persi)

Abstract:

In this paper, I will analyse the legal aspect of the miniatures that illustrate book 41.1 of the Digest and the second book of Justinian's Institutions as a group of manuscripts dating from the thirteenth and fourteenth century and currently kept in the Bibliothèque nationale de France. These two Books are closely related to each other and present similar iconographies : the acquisition of ownership “naturali ratione” through the occupation of the res nullius, where wildlife and aquatic fauna – ferae bestiae, volucres et pisces – constituted an important example of res nullius in Roman and Justinian law. Hunting and fishing determined the acquisition of these assets and it is precisely these activities that illustrate books 41.1 of the Digest and 2.1 of the Institutions. Naturally, these activities have undergone changes over time, both of a technical and normative nature. I will try to show how these images depict, reflect and clarify the changes in the acquisition of the res nullius.

El poder a través de la imagen. La representación de los reyes de la Corona de Aragón en el Libro de privilegios de la villa de Alzira (Valencia) c. 1380-1391 (Nuria Ramón-Marqués)

Abstract:

This study intends to delve into the use of the image that the monarchy will use in the Kingdom of Valencia as an enhancing element of the accompanying text. For this, after the bibliographic review, a detailed analysis of the miniatures that appear in the Book of Privileges of the city of Alzira is carried out, considering it as the first manuscript made in a Valencian miniature workshop. From the study of artistic techniques and procedures, we will formulate stylistic connections that allow us to see the intervention of various illuminators working in Valencia in this period.

La imagen regia como símbolo legitimador: el Libro de los Privilegios de Toledo y la miniatura castellana a principios del siglo xiv (Jaime Moraleda Moraleda)

Abstract:

The illuminated decoration of the Hispanic medieval codex allows the study of the connection between materiality and use. The rich production during the alfonsí period in Castile maintained the characteristics of the French tradition from the end of the 13th century, without forgetting the aesthetic permeability from other variants of Italian influence. The Book of Privileges of Toledo, from the early 14th century, as a compilation legal document, collects the royal image represented in its vignettes and confirms the importance of royal iconography as a legitimizing symbol, an essential value in the origin of the codex.

Justice in the miniatures of Brunetto Latini's art of rhetoric: Columbia Library, Plimpton MS 281 (Tina Montenegro)

Abstract:

This article presents the miniatures in the art of rhetoric of a fifteenth-century French manuscript, Plimpton MS 281 (Columbia University, Rare Book and Manuscript Library). The text is Brunetto Latini’s Tresor, a thirteenth-century compilation written in Old French on the art of government. The iconography of Plimpton MS 281 seems to be new with regard to the art of rhetoric and to be intended for a legal milieu. By studying the images from the point of view of the history of the text, the aim is to understand what might have caused a change in the iconography of the art of rhetoric.

Les manuscrits juridiques bolonais parmi les transferts artistiques au Trecento : de l’iconographie des ermites de saint Augustin au Bon gouvernement d’Ambrogio Lorenzetti (Bertrand Cosnet)

Abstract:

The challenge of this contribution is to identify the role played by the legal manuscripts illuminated in 14th century Italian art. The decorative programmes of these manuscripts, too often underestimated, are doubly interesting because they allow, on the one hand, to identify the dynamics of the processes of circulation and iconographic transfer, particularly fertile in Trecento, and, on the other hand, to reconstruct the richness of the visual culture of Italian lawyers in the 14th century. The article focuses mainly on the iconography of virtues, which experienced considerable growth in the 14th century in the context of communal regimes and mendicant orders, of which several legal manuscripts provide decisive clues to the process of invention and circulation. Particular attention is paid to three manuscripts produced in Bologna, namely the Digestum vetus preserved at the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris (Ms. Lat. 14339), the Novella sive commentarius in decretales epistolas Gregorii IX located at the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan (Ms. B 42 inf), and the Digestum novum preserved at the Biblioteca Nacional de España in Madrid (Ms. M 197).

Un manoscritto giuridico miniato tra la Badia Fiorentina ed il Portogallo del xv secolo: il codice Conventi Soppressi A 4 2554 della Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze  (Sofia Orsino)

Abstract:

A fifteenth-century Latin manuscript, kept at the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Florence and coming from the Benedictine monastery of Santa Maria (also known as Badia Fiorentina), contains the Repertorium iuris by Giovanni Nicola de Milis and seems to be the result of influences and contacts between Italy and Portugal. This article questions the enigmatic relationship between text and decoration; also, on the basis of an analysis of the illumination, combined with a codicological and palaeographical study, it reconstructs the context of production and the arrival of the codex in the Florentine monastery.

Varia

Foreign Law Without Borders in the Early Vast America. Spanish Legal Literature in 19th Century North America (Angela Ballone)

Abstract:

By studying some case studies, this article shows how the works of some Spanish jurists from the 17th and 18th centuries were used in the 19th century, both in Britain and also overseas in the British Atlantic (from Washington to California, passing through Florida), to solve judicial conflicts about land and exploitation. The reader will see to what extent some unexpected sources of law were intertwined into the daily practice of North American courts. Such entanglements are at the very heart of the comparative analysis of the field of legal history.

Read the full issue here. 

Revue de la Recherche Juridique 2020-3 [Numéro spécial - Cahiers de Méthodologie Juridique, eds. Frédéric ROUVIÈRE & Clotilde Aubry de MAROMONT]]

 

(image source: Aix-Marseille Université)

See table of contents here. 

Contributions by inter alios Wanda Mastor, Xavier Prévost, Anne-Sophie Chambost, Laetitia Guerlain, Marie-Claire Ponthoreau...

(source: PUAM)

JOURNAL: C@hiers du CRHiDI. Histoire, droit, institutions, société [Special Issue Dire, appliquer et diffuser le droit. L'action des gens de justice au Congo belge (1908-1960), eds. Françoise MULLER, Bérengère PIRET, Xavier ROUSSEAUX & Nathalie TOUSIGNANT]

 

(image: Leopoldville; source: Wikimedia Commons)

Gouvernementalité en régime colonial : acteurs, vecteurs et pratiques du droit et de la justice en Afrique coloniale belge (Xavier Rousseaux) (DOI 10.25518/1370-2262.709)

La compénétration des magistratures métropolitaine et coloniale. Analyse du cas belge (1885-1939) (Françoise Muller, Amandine Dumont & Xavier Rousseaux) (DOI 10.25518/1370-2262.697)

Abstract:

Cet article traite de la compénétration des magistratures métropolitaine et coloniale belges durant la période 1885-1939. La compénétration de ces magistratures – c’est-à-dire les passages d’un corps à l’autre – s’observe à 51 reprises durant la période étudiée. Ces passages obéissent à des règles différentes selon qu’ils s’effectuent dans un sens ou dans l’autre. En dépit de propositions doctrinales et législatives répétées, les passages « colonie/métropole » (75% de l’effectif) n’ont pas fait, durant la période étudiée, l’objet d’une législation particulière facilitant l’intégration des magistrats coloniaux à la magistrature métropolitaine. Ceux-ci étaient contraints de recommencer une nouvelle carrière en métropole. Les passages « métropole/colonie » étaient mieux encadrés, assurant aux magistrats métropolitains de retrouver leur place au terme de leur séjour dans la colonie et leur permettant (en théorie) de conserver leurs droits à l’avancement.

Nomenclature du personnel judiciaire colonial. Dire le droit et rendre la justice à Stanleyville, 1935-1955 (Bérengère Piret) 

Abstract:

On considère généralement que la fonction fait l’homme, au Congo c’est davantage l’homme qui fait la fonction. En raison de la multiplicité des missions confiées aux fonctionnaire territoriaux (assurer le maintien de l’ordre et de la tranquillité publique, construire et entretenir les voies de communication comme les édifices publics, définir et faire exécuter les programmes agricoles, etc.), du contrôle réduit dont ils font l’objet et de l’absence de contre-pouvoir qui leur est opposé, leur formation et leur personnalité s’avèrent déterminantes. Loin de dresser la prosopographie du personnel du tribunal de district de Stanleyville, nous baliserons uniquement les principaux éléments de leur parcours. Ceux-ci doivent nous permettre de comprendre qui ils sont lorsqu’ils agissent au sein de ladite juridiction.

 Antoine Sohier, magistrat colonial au Congo belge (1910-1934). Éléments bio- et bibliographiques (Romain Landmeters) (DOI 10.25518/1370-2262.722)

Abstract:

L’article présente les éléments biographiques principaux et les productions bibliographiques d’Antoine Sohier en tant que magistrat au Congo belge. Il retrace notamment les grandes étapes de sa carrière coloniale entre 1910 et 1934.

Un barreau sur mesure ? Les enjeux de la création d’un Barreau colonial (1908-1932) (Jérôme de Brouwer & Maxime Jottrand) (DOI 10.25518/1370-2262.706)

Abstract:

Les premiers avocats s’installent dans la colonie au cours des années qui suivent la reprise du Congo par l’État belge. En l’absence de toute réglementation et parce qu’ils évoluent dans un environnement très différent de celui dont ils sont familiers, les avocats s’interrogent sur l’applicabilité à la colonie des règles organisant la profession et sa discipline en vigueur dans la métropole. Si à partir des années 1920 les avocats s’accordent sur la nécessité de l’organisation de la profession, ils s’opposent sur ces modalités. La perspective de l’institution d’un barreau colonial se heurte aux enjeux spécifiques liés au statut de la colonie et à sa géographie ainsi qu’à son administration.

 « S’il est construit à faux, tout risque de s’effondrer ». Le Journal des Tribunaux et le droit au Congo belge (Sebastiaan Vandenbogaerde) (DOI 10.25518/1370-2262.737)

Abstract:

Les revues juridiques forment un noyau dans un réseau élitaire où différents acteurs se rencontrent. Chaque titre a un programme dans lequel les rédacteurs s’inscrivent et essayaient de convaincre les lecteurs. Le Journal des Tribunaux et sa « petite sœur », le Journal des Tribunaux d’Outre-Mer, avaient l’idée de faire connaitre le droit au public qui n’avait pas vraiment un intérêt au droit congolais. Cette contribution se focalise sur les leaders, notamment les rédacteurs en chef, qui sont cruciaux pour la construction de la mentalité sur le droit congolais et l’impact du droit sur l’indépendance congolaise.

 « Pénétrer au mieux l’âme de nos sujets ». La perception des coutumes congolaises par les fonctionnaires territoriaux à travers leur contribution au Bulletin des Juridictions indigènes et de Droit coutumier congolais (Alix Sacré) (DOI 10.25518/1370-2262.675)

Absract:

Issu de recherches effectuées dans le cadre du projet Belgafrican Magistrates Social Networks, cet article se penche sur la contribution des fonctionnaires territoriaux du Congo belge à une revue juridique, le Bulletin des Juridictions indigènes et de Droit coutumier congolais. Il s’agit de montrer en quoi ces écrits sont particulièrement dépendants du contexte de leur rédaction, tant en termes de forme que de contenu ; en cela, ils nous informent sur les préoccupations des territoriaux, sur leur posture vis-à-vis des Congolais et sur la vision qu’ils ont de leurs coutumes. A travers l’analyse de quatre thématiques abordées par ces fonctionnaires, cet article propose ainsi une réponse supplémentaire à la question des liens entre savoir et pouvoir en contexte colonial. Le propos est illustré par plusieurs exemples, issus notamment de la carrière et des travaux rédigés par Fernand Grévisse, administrateur territorial puis commissaire de district du Haut-Katanga.

Prononcer et exercer le droit par l’administration coloniale. Les acteurs de la relégation au Congo Belge (1910-1960) (Valentine Dewulf) (DOI 10.25518/1370-2262.656)

Abstract:

Dès 1910 au Congo Belge, l’administration coloniale peut sanctionner d’une relégation, c’est-à-dire d’une déportation ou d’une interdiction de séjour, tout individu qui a nui à la tranquillité publique. La relégation constitue une sanction parapénale qui échappe au pouvoir judiciaire. Basé sur les correspondances tenues par les membres de l’administration coloniale, cet article interroge l’application de la relégation à partir des acteurs qui la décident ou qui l’influencent. Il met à jour le rôle fondamental du pouvoir local et des agents européens de terrain dans les prononcés de relégation. Il met également en évidence les différents points de vue et les intérêts qui coexistent parmi les autres acteurs d’influence de la relégation : missionnaires, acteurs économiques et pouvoir judiciaire.

Droit et justice en Afrique coloniale belge : acquis et perspectives (Nathalie Tousignant) (DOI 10.25518/1370-2262.802)

Read all articles here.

SPECIAL ISSUE: Stratégies et procédures d’identification des étrangers (mondes hispaniques-Méditerranée, xviie-xixe siècles) (ed. Arnaud BARTOLOMEI & Sylain LLORET) (Mélanges de la Casa de Vélazquez LI (2021), nr. 1)

(image source: openedition)

Arnaud Bartolomei et Sylvain Lloret Présentation

Óscar Recio Morales Gobernar la alteridad El «Protector de Extranjeros» en España (siglos xvi-xviii)

Abstract:

The legal figure of the protector has its roots in the Roman Empire; it was taken up by the Christianity associated with the concept of charity and recovered in modern Europe in its triple aspect of guardian, mediator and defender. In the Spanish administration, the figure of the protector of the indians is the best known, thanks to the numerous studies on the legal status of the indigenous. The «Protector of Foreigners», on the other hand, is virtually unknown. This contribution examines its evolution and the practice of protection. It argues that the «Protector of Foreigners» could have contributed to the management of an otherness that moved, in a short time frame, from a reduced peninsular space to a global dimension. The practice of protection, however, was channelled by such a complex, technical list of subsidies, and such a broad set of non-institutionalised social mechanisms, that there was, in fact, an abundance of figures acting as protectors.

Jörg Ulbert Identifier pour contrôler La monarchie française et l’identification de ses ressortissants expatriés (xviie-xviiie siècle, Empire ottoman – Espagne)

Abstract:

Mercantilism views the population as wealth, as a resource that must be protected. To prevent emigration and transform it into controlled expatriation, the States implement restrictive legislation. In France, this desire is reflected in a series of texts designed to prevent its subjects from settling permanently abroad. Through these measures the government pursues several objectives. The most important being to ensure that the assets amassed by the expatriates eventually find their way back to France. Another objective concerns only non-Catholic countries and, first and foremost, the Ottoman Empire. The authorities try to do everything possible to prevent their nationals converting to Islam. The article offers an analysis of the motivations that lead the French government to control expatriation. Above all, it will clarify the role that French consuls play in its implementation.

Arnaud Bartolomei Déchéance de nationalité ou de citoyenneté ? L’exclusion de l’immatriculation consulaire des ressortissants français en Espagne ayant prêté le serment de fidélité à Charles IV en 1791

Abstract:

In 1796, the French consul in Cadiz refused to record «on the matricular register» of French citizens residing abroad, compatriots who, five years earlier, had agreed to take an oath of loyalty to the King of Spain to escape the threats of expulsion that then weighed on French nationals. This decision gave rise to protests and led the political authorities of the Directorate to rule on the case of the citizens who took these oaths and, more generally, on the meaning of the consular registration procedure. The debates between the most radical elements of the revolutionary government, who wanted to exclude those who had taken the oath from French nationality, and the pragmatists, anxious not to deprive France of part of its living forces, lead to the question of the condition of foreigners in modern Europe, and the changes induced by the revolutionary rupture, from the point of view of their country of origin.

Catia Brilli Una nación en camino La migración genovesa y la afiliación consular en las costas atlánticas (1770-1865)

Abstract:

Cet article analyse l’évolution du rôle des consuls dans les territoires de la monarchie hispanique, lors de l’émigration gênoise de la fin du xviiie siècle à la première moitié du xixe siècle. L’émigration depuis les côtes ligures a connu sur cette période de profonds changements politiques et institutionnels, qui ont conduit d’une part à la disparition de la même république de Gênes et à son annexion au royaume de Sardaigne, et d’autre part à la désintégration de la monarchie hispanique, à laquelle les hommes d’affaires génois avaient lié leurs fortunes. Afin d’identifier les éventuels changements ou les continuités dans l’affiliation consulaire génoise face à l’émergence de nouvelles réalités étatiques, l’analyse se concentrera sur le port de Cadix, un haut lieu du commerce avec les Indes et qui abrite l’une des plus importantes communautés d’expatriés à la fin de l’ancien régime, et le port de Buenos Aires, principal lieu d’établissement de l’émigration génoise moderne en Amérique après l’effondrement de l’ordre colonial.

Tomás Pérez Vejo La debatida nacionalidad de los españoles europeos en los nuevos Estados-nación americanos

Abstract:

The question of the nationality of Spaniards born in the monarchy’s European territories but living in America was complex and was debated in the States that had gained independence. Opinions oscillated between the universal declaration of citizenship and the equally universal expulsion of the natives of the old metropolis, both at times occurring within the same country. This work offers an analysis of the way in which this was resolved by the various new Nation-States, with particular attention to the Mexican case, on the assumption that it was not only an administrative problem, but that it formed part of the process of national construction in Latin America. A problem of nation rather than State.

Anne-Marie Planel Les ressortissants de la protection consulaire française en pays musulman  Le cas des Algériens de Tunisie sous le Second Empire

Abstract:

Since the capture of Algiers in 1830, Algerian Muslims and Jews who took refuge in this Ottoman regency could benefit from French consular protection under certain conditions and if they requested it. Few of them accepted being registered in this way. However, in 1865, Napoleon III’s declaration that the Arabs of Algeria were now French nationals, and no longer subjects, led to them hoping for «the right to have rights». The legal recognition of French national affiliation did not allow the Algerian colonised people to become French citizens collectively. However, it provoked a conflict of sovereignty between the French consulate and the bey of Tunis, the victims of which were the French-registered Algerians: some were deported by the Tunisian government to French Algeria, others were «denationalised» by the consulate if they continued to live within the «Tunisian nation»

Miscellanées

Antoine Brix À propos de l’original français de la traduction catalane des Grandes Chroniques de France

Santiago Aragón Mateos Aproximación a los campos semánticos de la sociedad en la lengua del Siglo de Oro

Francisco Orrego González «Un descubrimiento reserbado en la oscuridad de estos destinos…»

Carlos Nogueira A sátira na poesia realista portuguesa

Actualité de la recherche

Débats. Reflections on the Interplay between Race, Ethnicity and Migration 

Marie L. Mallet-Garcia et Bani Gill Reflections on the Interplay between Race, Ethnicity, and Migration

Luisa Feline Freier et Matthew Bird Seeing «Race» through a Prism: Relational Socio-racial Hierarchies and Immigration

Carlos Vargas-Silva Quantitative modelling of race, ethnicity and migration issues

Marie L. Mallet-Garcia The Interplay of Race, Immigration Policy and Belonging for DACA recipients

Francesca Esposito Immigration Detention and the Coloniality of Gender

Michael Jones-Correa Reassessing Race and Ethnicity through a Migration Lens

Read more here: DOI 10.4000/mcv.14071

JOURNAL: Special Issue Regards croisés histoire du droit – science politique (Cahiers Jean Moulin 6 (2020)) (OPEN ACCESS)

 

(image source: Prairial)

« S'il plaist à la coustume » Introduction au dossier (Xavier Prévost)

Articles:

Norme et insuffisance de pouvoir La tentative de François Ier de prescrire la rescision pour lésion par l’ordonnance de Villers‑Cotterêts (Floriane Masséna)

Modérer les passions, censurer l’élection Étudier la validité sociale d’un dispositif de contrôle de l’élection en l’an VIII (1799) (Franck Duchesne)

De la recommandation à l’imposition normative Le rôle du Conseil constitutionnel dans la construction du candidat idéal à l’élection présidentielle (1958-2017) (Clémentine Belle Grenier)

La colonisation et la transposition des concepts juridiques L’exemple du droit coutumier au Punjab (Inde) (Amanjit Kaur Sharanjit)

La collision des normes : régime international de contrôle des drogues et droits des peuples indigènes (Julián Andrés Fernández López)

Discussions:

La normativité au prisme de l’analyse historique : point de jonction entre l’histoire du droit et la science politique ? (Victor Le Breton-Blon)

Histoire du droit, science politique : La fin du mythe des méthodologies distinctes ? (Alexandre Frambéry-Iacobone)

Questionner la norme à travers le religieux : le dialogue entre l’histoire du droit et la science politique (Badr Karkbi)

Méthodes de recherche relatives à l’étude de la circulation et de la transposition des normes Liens et dissensions entre historiens du droit et politistes (Alizée Miranda)

La norme en voyage : le point de vue du politiste (Pierre Bourgois & Clément Rodier)

Des normes et du pouvoir politique : quelques réflexions de base (Patrick Castenet)

Interview

De l’esprit des droits de l’homme Entretien entre Dan Edelstein et Thérence Carvalho

Comptes rendus de lecture

R. Repole, Église synodale et démocratie. Quelles institutions ecclésiales pour aujourd’hui ? (Maxime Blachon)

Oscar Ferreira, Le constitutionnalisme octroyé. Itinéraire d’un constitutionnalisme au xixe siècle (France, Portugal, Brésil) (Hugo Beuvant)

Frédéric Audren, Anne-Sophie Chambost & Jean-Louis Halpérin, Histoires contemporaines du droit (Dominique Messineo)

(read all articles here) 

JOURNAL SECTION: Religion & Violence (French History XXXIII (2019), No. 2)

(image source: OUP)

French History has a special section on religion and violence in its latest issue. Some articles touch on legal history:

Political Justice and the Outbreak of the Wars of Religion (Stuart Carroll)
Abstract:

This article presents new archival evidence which illuminates the dynamic of the violence in the Agenais, the ‘laboratory of religious violence.’ It shows how social networks coalesced in 1557-61 and formed into armed factions. It argues that, contrary to what is usually claimed, Protestant violence was not confined to iconoclasm, but was from its inception a highly politicized movement prepared to use force against identified enemies. The kernel of factionalism was a feud, which led to the creation of rival militias well before the outbreak of full-scale military campaigns in 1562. The violence was highly organized, not spontaneous and not inter-communal. In this respect the events in Guyenne are indicative of the political conflicts that would shape the ancien régime and even anticipate the violence that would attend its fall.

Violence by Royal Command: A Judicial ‘Moment’ (1574–1575) (Penny Roberts)
Abstract:

The Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre remains the defining event of religious violence in sixteenth-century France. Its causes have preoccupied historians, its consequences far less so. While some contemporary observers called into question the nature of absolute royal authority, others defended its use as long as it was cautious and judicious. In the wake of the massacre, however, the opposite seemed to be true, as a series of measures were taken against leading aristocrats at court and in the provinces. These included the close surveillance and virtual imprisonment of the king’s brother and the princes of the blood, swift and exemplary justice meted out to some of their close servants, the incarceration of two marshals of France, and the judicial execution of Protestant commanders. Above all, this ‘judicial moment’ of 1574-5 suggested that the monarchy was engaged on a new and threatening track, as the agent of violence against its own nobility, fuelling further discontent. 

(read more on OUP's website)

SPECIAL ISSUE: Tirage au sort et démocratie. Histoire, instruments, théories [Participations 2019/0] [OPEN ACCESS]

(image source: Cairn)

Introduction. L’histoire du tirage au sort en politique : instruments, pratiques, théories (Liliane López-Rabatel & Yves Sintomer)

Mots et outils du tirage au sort en Grèce ancienne (Liliane López-Rabatel)

Platon, le tirage au sort au fondement de la communauté politique (Arnaud Macé)

Le tirage au sort dans l’Athènes antique : de la religion à la politique (Paul Demont)

Tirage au sort et élections dans la Rome antique. Y a-t-il eu une démocratie romaine ? (Virginie Hollard)

Sors, sortiri, sortitio. Pratiques et lexique du tirage au sort dans le monde romain (Frédérique Biville)

Le tirage au sort civique dans la Rome républicaine et impériale : matériels et techniques (Jolue Bothorel)

Tirage au sort et divination dans la Rome antique. Sur le problème de la participation divine (Romain Loriol)

Langages et pratiques du tirage au sort dans la vie publique des communes médiévales italiennes (xiiie-xive siècles) (Lorenzo Tanzini)

Élection ducale, usages institutionnels et pratiques populaires : le tirage au sort dans la République de Venise (Claire Judde de Larivière)

Le sort contre l’État ? La vocation des magistratures urbaines françaises au xviie siècle (Yann Lignereux)

L’introduction du tirage au sort dans les élections dans la République de Genève (1691) (Raphaël Barat)

Le Kübellos dans le canton de Glaris : une expérience inédite de tirage au sort (Antoine Chollet et Aurèle Dupuis)

Représentation politique et usage du tirage au sort au Mexique 1808-1857 (Alexei Daniel Serafín Castro, traduction de l’espagnol par Liliane López-Rabatel)

La nomination des fonctionnaires par tirage au sort en Chine à la fin de la période impériale (1594-1911) (Pierre-Etienne Will)

Du klérotèrion à la cryptologie : l’acte de tirage au sort au xxie siècle, pratiques et instruments (Dimitri Courant)

La sélection des mini-publics entre tirage au sort, motivation et disponibilité (Jean-Michel Fourniau)

Le tirage au sort en cour d’assises : une expérience politique (Célia Gissinger-Bosse)

Castoriadis, Rancière : quels apports pour une philosophie du tirage au sort en politique ? (José Luis Moreno Pestaña, traduction de l’espagnol par Liliane López-Rabatel)

La carrière militante de la référence à Bernard Manin dans les mouvements français pour le tirage au sort (Samuel Hayat)

Le tirage au sort démocratise-t-il la démocratie ? Ou comment la démocratie délibérative a dépolitisé une proposition radicale (Julien Talpin)

L’enfant tirant au sort : la « formule de pathos » du hasard en politique ? (Yves Sintomer)

D’une matérialité à l’autre : le tirage au sort au prisme de l’acte électoral (Yves Déloye)

Read all articles on Cairn.

SPECIAL ISSUE: Symposium "Legal History and Comparative Law: A Dialogue in Times of the Transnationalization of Law and Legal Scholarship" (American Journal of Comparative Law LXVI (2018), Issue 4)

(image source: Oxford Journals)

Preface (Thomas Duve)
Abstract:

Comparative law and legal history are witnessing a remarkable moment of reorientation in their methods and perhaps even in their disciplinary identities. Historically linked to and emerging from a shared paradigm of historical jurisprudence, both disciplines have developed their own institutions, canons of knowledge, mechanisms of communication, and academic practices over the last century. Both flourished under the juridical nationalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and this national paradigm has shaped their analytical framework and categories. Both disciplines are now also facing similar challenges due to the transnationalization of their object and of their institutional structures, but also due to the broad recognition of the importance of context and traditions. Consequently, both are increasingly situating their research on a global horizon, and both are endeavoring to decentralize their approaches and to expose themselves to new notions of law and justice.1 This situation suggests that there should be renewed dialogue between the two disciplines, but it also leads us to question what shape such a dialogue might take. What can they learn from each other?

Merging Comparative Law and Legal History: Towards an Integrated Discipline (Heikki Pilhajamäkki)
Abstract:

This Article argues that legal history and comparative law ought to merge into one discipline. The two disciplines are both products of the same period, the late nineteenth century, when they were formed as the fruit of the rising positivist legal scholarship. They are, to be sure, opposite sides of the coin. Mainstream legal history was, from early on, a humble servant of positivism, whereas comparative law formed as an antithesis to it. Nevertheless, neither of the twin disciplines would exist as such were it not for the emergence of national legal positivism on both sides of the Atlantic. National legal histories developed as the dominant paradigm of the nineteenth century and for the most part of the twentieth. Legal historians provided an important slice of the nationalistic narrative, explaining how history had led national states to the particular situations in law they found themselves in. Comparative law started early in the nineteenth century as a response to practical legislative needs, as “comparative legislation.” Some of the internationally minded German scholars also reacted against the national emphasis of Savigny’s Historical School. Comparative legal scholarship acquired more academic overtones as the century wore on, and many scholars optimistically expected that comparative scholarship would unify and civilize the world’s legal orders. After World War II, mainstream comparative law had little hope left in its possibilities of civilizing the world. The discipline declined into a “country and western” style of scholarship. The largest obstacle in the way of merging the twin disciplines is the fact that they, as all scholarly disciplines, are also social communities. Most scholars still like to identify themselves as “comparatists” or “legal historians.” The new combined discipline would do away with outdated ways of doing scholarship in both mother disciplines. It would marginalize the kind of legal history that seems unconscious of the world outside national boundaries and of international contexts, and it would supplant the kind of comparative law that is made without reference to the historical paths that have led to the present situation. 

 Global Legal History, Legal Systemology, and the Genealogy of Law (Alessandro Somma)
Abstract:

Comparatists in the social sciences are supposed to analyze social phenomena from a static point of view, with no interest in their dynamic aspects. However, this is not true for comparative lawyers, since they are committed to analyzing legal change, which necessarily enhances aspects like the circulation of legal models as well as their transformation due to the variation of the space-time coordinates. The dynamic aspects are of such importance for comparatists that the building of legal families, reflecting a static approach to comparative law, is increasingly questioned in its foundations and capability to detect decisive similarities and differences between legal systems: the evolution within the common law–civil law divide and its connection with the ruling of the economic order. The building of legal families will not be removed from the comparative lawyer agenda, at least in recognition of its didactic function. However, comparative lawyers are increasingly aware of the ideological value of taxonomies and increasingly convinced about the necessity to replace them with genealogies.

 East, East, and West: Comparative Law and the Historical Processes of Legal Interaction in China and Japan (Kentaro Matsubara)
Abstract:

As Western notions of law formed the basis of a globally shared common legal language, the language of comparative law has become inevitably Western. In studying historical societies that did not share this language, analyses using this language will always risk anachronisms due to the inherent assumptions, be they the meanings given to particular terms, or the manner in which different areas of law are categorized and distinguished from each other. One way to avoid such anachronisms would be to attempt the formulation of a different concept of law that is neutral to Western and non-Western legal traditions. This, however, would move the analysis away from discussions in other areas of legal studies conducted in the aforementioned common legal language, which in turn would limit the significance comparative law might have for these discussions. In looking at the historical processes of legal modernization in China and Japan, this Article discusses how one might manage the risk of anachronism in writing a legal history of non-Western societies, while also retaining a link with a wider range of legal studies. After Part I considers some of the theoretical problems of studying Chinese and Japanese society as a project in comparative law, Part II will look at the debates on legal reform in China and Japan in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. While these debates included serious discussions on incorporating traditional aspects of Chinese or Japanese society in the newly formed Western-style legal system, the discussions themselves were conducted in an essentially Westernized language, which identified the traditions of Japanese and Chinese as “customs,” a legal notion newly introduced in the course of modernization. While looking at certain traditional practices and institutions as “custom” might have been an anachronism, the extent and significance of this anachronism can be assessed through a study of the process of interaction whereby this viewpoint came to be adopted. Part III of this Article suggests an approach to studying the traditional Chinese property regime, also starting from a study of the historical process of interaction between Western colonial law and local society in China. Using an analysis of this interaction as a starting point, it discusses how relevant aspects of Chinese society and their interconnections might be identified, opening up possibilities for comparisons not limited to East–West comparisons, and it also contributes to a more general legal discussion on family, property, and state formation.

Due Process and Civil Procedure, or How to Do Codes with Theories (Carlos Petit)
Abstract:

Franco Cipriani’s historical research on the great authors of “scientific proceduralism” (Giuseppe Chiovenda, Francesco Carnelutti, and Piero Calamandrei) made it possible to elaborate a theory of the civil process: “guaranteeism.” The theory holds that the lawsuit is a legal relationship between private parties, and the judicial authority only acts in the trial as an impartial bystander. This is opposite the procedural tradition of the twentieth century that accentuates the legal–public nature of the process and therefore the autonomy and activity of the judge to come to a fair resolution. The wide acceptance of the Italian classic authors on civil procedure in Spain and Latin America explains the impact that Cipriani’s “revisionist” work had in several countries and the tension between guaranteeism and activism in their codified regulation of the trial. From that point of view, this Article analyzes the most recent codes of civil procedure, those of Colombia and Brazil. If historiography has led to theory, it is interesting to find out whether theory leads finally to legislation.

The Synesthesia of Values: How the Ideals of Modernist Design Predisposed and Shaped Fascist Legal and Political Thought (Daniel Damler)
Abstract:

In this Article, I will argue that aesthetic, epistemic, and moral (legal, political) values are correlated because of a common underlying mechanism. Value judgments are regulated via chronologically antecedent emotions. Their attribution to a certain normative category is an analytical achievement that only occurs in a second step. “Analogical” interferences are inevitable due to the processes involved being partly identical. Jurisprudence, too, continually operates with terms that have an underlying sensuous, aesthetic component and depend on concrete experiential knowledge. This lifeworld horizon and the attendant aesthetic preferences differ from society to society, sometimes considerably from state to state, despite otherwise very similar economic and social conditions. Using the example of Germany in the 1920s and 1930s, I will demonstrate how popular stylistic elements of the New Objectivity—the ideal of “visibility” and a technoid, spare, and simple design—inspired the critics of Western democracy, liberalism, and parliamentarianism. From the moralizing and dogmatically rigid perspective of German-style functionalism, violating the imperative of purposefulness is not only an aesthetic faux pas, but also an inexcusable moral failure. Carl Schmitt’s critique of parliamentarianism, with its focus on the supposedly functionless and empty ritual of the parliamentary speech, was just a variation and echo of this moral-aesthetic leitmotif.

More information with Oxford Journals.

OPEN ACCESS SPECIAL ISSUE: Clio@Thémis 15 (Droit et anthropologie. Archéologie d’un savoir et enjeux contemporains)

(image source: Clio@Thémis)

Introduction. Un nouvel agenda pour l’anthropologie du droit ? (Frédéric Audren &  Laetitia Guerlain)

Difficulté et nécessité de l’anthropologie du droit (Louis Asser-Andrieux)
Abstract:

This article aims to deepen the understanding of the Western legal tradition with the instruments of cultural anthropology. Recalling the properties of legal reason, it opens the way for a new relationship between law and anthropology. It also warns against the temptation to extend the domination of this Western reason over other societies and cultures.

Les juristes humanistes de la Renaissance, des anthropologues en puissance ? Réflexions autour de quelques études (principalement françaises) de cas (Géraldine Cazals)
Abstract:

Questioning the role played by jurists – mainly French – in the history of anthropology during the Renaissance, this article highlights the way in which humanist jurists found themselves, through their philological and historical work, at the heart of an immense collection of ethnographic knowledge. It shows how the extend of the progress in cosmography and legal comparatism allowed them to develop reflections of an anthropological nature. In doing so, it is necessary not only to focus on the contribution of humanist jurists to anthropology, but also to include the development of anthropology in the Renaissance in an epistémè belonging the legal field.

Law and Rationality : A Historiographical Survey of the Understanding of Motivation and Human Agency in Early Legal Anthropology (Kaius Tuori)
Abstract:

The purpose of this article is to examine how nineteenth-century legal science conceptualized and dealt with otherness in law, with examples of legal phenomena such as ordeal and blood revenge to illustrate how the concept of legal rationality evolved in the early legal anthropology and how it still influences our understanding of legal otherness. It provides new insights on how, in the treatment of specific legal institutions, the ideas of reason and rationality could change as scholars used European medieval history to aid in the understanding of indigenous cultures.

Droit colonial et anthropologie.Expertises ethniques, enquêtes et études raciales dans l’outre-mer français (Fin du XIXe siècle-1946) (Silvia Falconieri)

Abstract:

In the context of 19th- and 20th-century French colonialism, anthropological knowledge plays a crucial role when it comes to legally categorising colonised populations. What are the forms, modalities and aims at stake when the law encountered that other knowledge ? What is the anthropology of colonial legal experts ? How are the knowledge, tools and techniques of anthropology mobilised by colonial jurists, and what are the consequences ? In the light of these questions, this article tackles the issues at stake when colonial law met physical and racial anthropology in the shaping of the statuses of subject and citizen in the French Empire. The analysis of the particular case of the non-recognised Métis being granted French citizenship shows that specialists in colonial law made extensive use of contemporaneous anthropological studies. Not only did they appropriate the contents of anthropological research, but they also learned a method which was to be mobilized in the judicial proceeding. In the 1920s, « ethnic expertise » and investigation became the pillars of a new legal proceeding that was, in large part, the result of the rapprochement of colonial law and racial anthropology.

René Maunier, Album graphique de la statistique criminelle de l’Égypte (1890-1918) (Alain Chenu)

Abstract:

As the head of statistics at the Egyptian ministery of Justice, René Maunieur drew up a « graphic album of penal statistics in Egypt » (1918), describing the trends in crime and offences registered by the « indigeneous jusrisdictions » from 1890 to 1918. This set of tables, curves, maps, and histograms follows an « explanatory note » where the author defined his guidelines and reviewed the literature in the field of criminal statistics in Egypt. In his presentation, Alain Chenu invites to an upgrading of Maunier’s involvement in the use of statistical methods, and tries to answer a question : why has Maunier, later on, left behind statistics ?

Entre science juridique et savoirs anthropologiques : évolutionnisme et histoire comparée du droit chez Émile Jobbé-Duval (1851-1931) (Laetitia Guerlain)
Abstract:

This paper sketches the intellectual portrait of Roman law professor Émile Jobbé-Duval. It tries to analyse the way the author combines legal history with the anthropological and evolutionnist literature of the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. This article therefore reassesses the contribution of the French jurists to the making of legal anthropology. Their works have indeed been deeply influenced by their anthropological readings, which they have mobilised by using intertextuality

Une brève historiographie de « pluralisme juridique » : quand les usages d’une notion en font un instrument de luttes politiques (Albane Geslin)
Abstract:

My basic argument is that “legal pluralism” (concept and words) is, in anthropological discourses, not only a descriptive notion, but above all a political struggles tool. Those struggles take place on three fields : scientific, academic, and ethical. All of them contest State and its law, its role in social-lige and how jurists legitimize this role.

La reconnaissance des peuples autochtones comme sujets du droit international. Enjeux contemporains de l’anthropologie politique en dialogue avec le droit (Irène Bellier)
Abstract:

This article explains how the relational political category [Indigenous Peoples] raises new debates in anthropology and law. By returning to linguistic issues – as the statement of this international category varies according to the dominant languages and its uses fall into various political contexts – it specifies the stakes of the differentiation between the terms « people » and « population », the [s] making a difference in English (the working language of the United Nations) between people (individuals) and peoples (collective). The treatment of indigenous issues induces a series of epistemological transformations stimulating an analytical reflection on the institutions and forms of government of the collective. New areas of dialogue between anthropology and law emerge from this perspective, particularly on the meaning of law, on land issues that must be reconsidered in the light of the pressure of multinational companies (extractive or agro-industrial) on indigenous territories and on systemic classifications.

 Legalism : a turn to history in the anthropology of law (Fernanda Prie)
Abstract:

Notorious definitional debates have characterized the anthropology of law, and scholars have not reached consensus over how “law” is to be distinguished from other social phenomena. This article suggests that light can be shed upon this issue by combining the insights of anthropologists and historians. Careful comparison among empirical examples highlights the importance of texts and the legal form. Case studies from Tibet are used to illustrate these points and draw attention to the phenomenon of legalism, that is, the use of generalizing rules and abstract categories to describe and organise the world. This provides a basis for exploring the nature and significance of law, both in the modern world and societies of the past.

L’ethnologie juridique au Collège de France : le cours de Jacques Flach sur les Institutions primitives (1892-1904) (Frédéric Audren & Jacques Flach)
Abstract:

This paper presents Jacques Flach’s Collège de France course in primitive law, which he taught from 1892 until 1904. It insists on the specificity of his historical and comparative approach. Ever attentive to studying institutions in their context, Flach proposes an innovative interpretation of feudalism, seeks to write a global history of law and endeavours to stress the institutional alterity of primitive societies. Flach is therefore among the first scholars to teach social and legal anthropology in France.

Discover all fulltexts here.

JOURNAL: Droits 66/1 2017/2 [Special issue: impérialisme]

(image source: cairn)

Articles:

• Annie Lacroix-Riz, Impérialisme français et partenaires dominants dans la construction européenne
• Michel Elperding, La notion de civilisation dans la pratique conventionnelle des États aux xixe et xxe siècles
• Olivier Jouanjan, Justifier l’impérialisme : Carl Schmitt et le droit des gens national-socialiste
• Robert Charvin, L’impérialisme et le devenir du droit international
• Alexis Le Barbier, Impérialisme et monnaie : de la livre sterling au dollar
• Benjamin Torterat, Miguel Angel Asturias, un écrivain face à l’impérialisme capitaliste
• Alexandre Desrameaux, Impérialisme et orientalisme dans l’œuvre d’Edward Saïd : le choc des consciences
• Sébastien Darbon, La diffusion des sports et du système sportif via l’impérialisme anglo-saxon

Other articles (outside of the special issue):

• Frédéric Charlin, Isabelle Moine-Dupuis, La « religion d’État » dans le droit pénal moderne, de l’ordre moral à la tranquillité publique
• Caroline Cohen, Autonomie de la volonté, prévisibilité et droit international privé (réflexions sur les règles permissives)
• Maël Notez, Anthropologie de l’aliéné au point de vue de la sanction pénale
• François Bonneville, Le capitalisme : fin ou moyen de l’État ?
• Marie-Aimée Bastid-Latournerie, Retour sur l’idée de primaire citoyenne

Access all the articles on CAIRN.

(source: ESILHIL Blog)