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08 February 2023

JOURNAL: Droits: Revue française de theorie juridique, de philosophie et de culture juridiques (LXXIV, 2021: Parenté, moeurs et droits/3)


SOMMAIRE

Articles

  • Le mariage more danico: entre pratiques matrimoniales, identités et discours historiographiques [Pierre Baudin]
  • De quoi la bâtardise est-elle le stigmate au Moyen Âge ? Réflexions partagées sur une recherche historique en cours [Carole Avignon]
  • Formules répudiatrices dans le droit musulman au Moyen Âge [Nejmeddine Khalafallah]
  • La parenté du fonctionnaire [Anne Foubert]
  • L’évolution de la parenté au prisme de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme [Joël Andriantsimbazovina]
  • Le nom: évolutions et résurgences. Réflexions à propos de la loi no 2022-301 du 2 mars 2022 relative au choix du nom issu de la filiation [Cecile Pérès]


Variétés

  • Les racines africaines de la guerre [William Edward Burghardt Du Bois]
  • Un bilan impitoyable de la guerre d’Indochine [Annie Lacroix-Riz]
  • Les gardiens des noires illusions. Les professeurs à la faculté de droit de Paris et les tentations autoritaires [Mathieu Soula]
  • Deux thèmes libéraux chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau [Bernard Quiriny]
  • Eugène Protot (1829-1921): « ministre de la Justice », communard et patriotard [Martin Gallié]
  • Un titre de loi peut-il convaincre ? Étude sur l’argument a rubrica [Julien Risser]
  • Des subjectivités reconfigurées. Réflexions sur la « barémisation » des indemnités prud’homales [Antonin Schultz]


More information can be found here

07 February 2023

BOOK: Luke TAYLOR, Constructing the Family: Marriage and Work in Nineteenth-Century English Law (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2022). ISBN: 9781487546526, pp. 424, $90.00

 

(Source: UTP)

ABOUT THE BOOK

In nineteenth-century England, legal conceptions of work and family changed in fundamental ways. Notably, significant legal moves came into play that changed the legal understanding of the family. Constructing the Family examines the evolution of the legal-discursive framework governing work and family relations. Luke Taylor considers the intersecting intellectual and institutional forces that contributed to the dissolution of the household, the establishment of separate spheres of work and family, and the emergence of modern legal and social ideas concerning work and family. He shows how specific legal-institutional moves contributed to the creation of the family's categorical status in the social and legal order and a distinct and exceptional body of rules – Family Law – for its governance. Shedding light on the historical processes that contributed to the emergence of English family law, Constructing the Family shows how work and family became separate regulatory domains, and in so doing reveals the contingent nature of the modern legal family.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Luke Taylor is an assistant professor at the Lincoln Alexander School of Law at Toronto Metropolitan University.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Figures and Tables
Acknowledgments
Introduction

Chapter 1: Ideology and Population Management 
A. Ideology
B. Population Management

Chapter 2: The Invention of Family Law in English Scholarly Legal Thought
I. Introduction
II. Blackstone, Legal Science, and the Productive Household
A. The “private œconomical relations”
B. Master and Servant
C. Husband and Wife
D. Blackstone and Nineteenth-Century Legal Thought
III. Household and Marriage in the Early Nineteenth Century
IV. The Influence of Jurisprudence
A. The Analyst: John Austin
B. The Historicist: Friedrich Carl von Savigny
V. The Influence of Statutory Developments
A. Divorce and the Legal Character of Marriage
B. Decriminalization and the Legal Character of Work
VI. Classical Legal Thought in England: Abstracting Contract and Subtracting Marriage
A. Consolidating Contract by Distinguishing Marriage: Pollock and Anson
B. Translating CLT into Taxonomy: Holland
VII. The Emergence of English Domestic Relations Law
VIII. The Emergence of Family Law
A. Cementing the Family/Work and Status/Contract Distinctions: Salmond
B. Family Law and Employment Law Emerge and Diverge
C. Family Law in the Textbook Tradition
IX. Conclusion

Chapter 3: Law and the Disarticulation of Work from Family Life
I. Introduction
II. Property, Poverty, and Wage Labour
A. Property: Enclosure, Households, and Work
B. Poverty: The Discipline of Work 
III. Wage Labour, Contract, and the Subordination of Workers
A. The Philosophical Basis of Coercion under Contract
B. Punishment and Performance
IV. Conclusion

Chapter 4: Women and Youth, Work and Family
I. Introduction
II. Women, Work, and the Domestic Sphere
A. Paid Domestic Labour
B. Unpaid Domestic Labour
III. Youth, Work, and the Paths of Apprenticeship
A. Early Modern Apprenticeship Law
B. Household to Employment: The Transformation of Traditional Apprenticeship
C. Household to Family: The Transformation of Parish Apprenticeship
IV. Conclusion

Chapter 5: Legislating Marriage
I. Introduction
II. Civilizing Marriage
A. Lord Hardwicke’s Act
B. Lord Lyndhurst’s Act
C. Civil Marriage Act
III. Incentivizing Marriage
A. Poor Laws
B. Compensation Statutes 
IV. Stabilizing Marriage
A. Divorce 
B. Married Women’s Property
V. Conclusion

Chapter 6: The Public Importance of Marriage in English Common Law
I. Introduction
II. Stretching the Bounds of Contract: The Action for Breach of Promise to Marry 
A. Heart Balm for Women (Only)
B. “It would be indelicate to expect that she should consent in words”
C. Expectations of Emotional Harm
III. The Status of Marriage in the Conflict of Laws
A. Marriage, Contract, and Deference to Lex Loci Celebrationis
B. Dissolution, Domicile and State Control
C. Domicile and Marital Validity
D. Dissolving the Status of Marriage
IV. Conclusion

Conclusion
Marriage, Family, and Work: Past and Present
Bibliography
Cases
Statutes
Books, Chapters, and Articles
Government Reports and Documents
Newspapers, Non-legal Periodicals, and Blogs
Parliamentary Debates



More information with the publisher.

JOURNAL: Revue historique de droit français et étranger (2022/1)

(Image source: Dalloz Revues)

SOMMAIRE

  • Les antécesseurs et les contradictions des compilations de Justinien: le cas de la stipulation de dot indéterminée [Elena Giannozzi]
  • La course maritime dans la Nouvelle-Espagne (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles) [Óscar Cruz Barney]
  • Révolutionner le passé et l'avenir: Pons de Verdun et la question de l'application dans le temps des lois nouvelles à l'époque de la Convention nationale (1792-1795) [Nicolas Lumbroso]


The index of book reviews and the others information can be found in the publisher website.



SEMINAR: Cittadinanza e solidarietà - Seminario dottorale 2023 - giovedì 16 febbraio, Dipartimento di Giurisprudenza Roma Tre

 

(Source: Storia del diritto)

06 February 2023

CALL FOR PAPERS : New Approaches for Extracting Heterogeneous Reference Data (MPI for Legal History and Legal Theory - Frankfurt, 15/16 May 2023) (DEADLINE: 28 February 2023)

The MPI in Frankfurt has a call for papers for a hybrid workshop on ‘New Approaches for Extracting Heterogeneous Reference Data’.

Summary

Extracting heterogeneous references from texts, in particular from historical documents and humanities or legal scholarship is an unresolved problem. Yet, there is currently no coordinated effort to develop solutions. We therefore invite scholars and practitioners from the social sciences, the humanities and the informational and computational disciplines to join us in a workshop in which we want to define the problem(s), establish the state of the art and share resources. The overarching aim of the event is to find ways for jointly developing new tools and workflows which are able to unlock previously untapped reference/citation data in the humanities, law and the social sciences. A particular focus lies on newly emerging technologies that are based on (pre-trained) language models.

 

The full call can be found here

JOB : CEGESOMA/University of Liège researcher in ‘Archives et histoire de la politique étrangère de la Belgique’ (DEADLINE : 1 March 2023)

(Source: CEGESOMA)



CEGESOMA/Université de Liège currently have a vacancy for a (half-time) researcher on ‘Archives et histoire de la politique étrangère de la Belgique’ (a PhD in history in required). The full vacancy can be found here.

BOOK: Marco Paolo GERI (cur.), Condanna a una pena, condanna di una pena? Atti dell’incontro di studio di Pisa 19 novembre 2021 [Collana di Studi di storia del diritto medievale e moderno, eds. Paolo ALVAZZI DEL FRATE, Giovanni ROSSI & Elio TAVILLA; Collettanee, vol. 6] (Roma: Historia et Ius, 2022), 113 p. ISBN 9788894637663 [OPEN ACCESS]

 

(image source: Historia et Ius)

From the introduction:

«I libri son fatti coi libri» pare che amasse dire Francesco Carrara1. E, lasciando da parte il tipo di cultura giuridica che nel profilo intellettuale di Carrara poteva star dietro ad una frase del genere, testimoniata del resto dalla consistenza della sua biblioteca, oggi conservata presso la Biblioteca Universitaria di Pisa, il volume che si presenta oggi al pubblico, davvero, può vantare di essere nato proprio in questa maniera e, per di più, di avere pure a che fare un poco con il maestro criminalista lucchese. Nel 2021, in maniera del tutto indipendente, sono stati pubblicati i risultati di due ricerche, una di carattere marcatamente storico, da parte del sottoscritto, l’altra a firma di Paolo Passaglia, relative entrambe al tema della pena di morte. La prima riguardava l’attività di uno dei grandi padri dell’abolizionismo, Francesco Carrara, che aveva pubblicato la traduzione di una serie di opuscoli provenienti da vari paesi europei, raccogliendoli entro la Biblioteca abolizionista, la seconda, era volta a investigare le forme, i limiti e le variabili più rilevanti dei vari percorsi abolizionisti contemporanei. Gli autori, allo scambio dei libri, assieme a Ilario Belloni, ritennero di approfondire le loro ricerche con un momento seminariale da svolgersi nell’ambito del Dottorato di ricerca pisano. Capitò, però, che a forza di parlare dell’idea, si raccolsero non poche manifestazioni di interesse a contribuire all’evento. Cosicché, il seminario ideato in origine diventò l’incontro pisano del 21 novembre 2021, del quale oggi si pubblicano i contributi.

Series presentation:

The Series of Studies in medieval and modern legal history Historia et Ius, published in electronic form in open access, was created on the initiative of the same editorial board of the homonymous history journal of the medieval and modern age. It aims to constitute an instrument of diffusion, on an international basis, of the results of historical legal research and of the comparison of ideas and methodological approaches. Each volume, as well as the articles published in the journal, is subject to double blind peer-review. The book series receives texts in Italian, English, French, Spanish and German languages.

Read the book for free here.

CFP: ‘The Cloven Dukes’ The Mediterranean diplomacy of the small Italian powers (1530-1730) - 7-8 November 2023, Haifa [DEADLINE 1 MAY 2023]

(Source: HCMH)

Organizers: Davide Trentacoste (HCMH) & Francesco Caprioli (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid).

Diplomatic history is one of the fields that has best embodied the global and cultural turn that in recent decades has led scholars to focus on various historical phenomena in new spaces through new methodological lenses. Under the umbrella category of “New Diplomatic History”, scholarship on early modern Mediterranean diplomacy has programmatically gone beyond and reworked some of the conventional topics and paradigms related to the political relations established between Christian and Muslim powers. In this field of study, various studies have shown how the early modern Mediterranean context was characterized not only by a political-religious clash, but also by intense exchanges and dialogue, shaped among powers of different cultures and confessions. However, most of these investigations have only emphasized the relations established by the major Latin-Christian European political entities (i.e., the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice, or the Spanish and French monarchies), leaving other actors in the background, such as Italian regional powers like Parma, Modena, or Lucca.

Following on from these premises, this conference intends to explore the diplomatic strategies, models, agencies, and practices adopted by Italian duchies and republics when negotiating with the Ottomans, the Safavids or the various Muslim polities of North Africa, and to compare them with those traditionally deployed in the European context.

By addressing the issue of Christian-Muslim diplomatic relations through the eyes of the small Italian regional powers during the early modern times, our aim will be twofold: first, we want to offer a fresh overview of the small Italian powers’ diplomatic strategies towards Muslim states throughout the early modern age. Secondly, we want to provide a useful discussion about similarities and dissimilarities among small Italian states regarding how they used diplomacy to represent themselves outside the Latin-Christian world.


Themes

The conference themes may include, but are not limited to:

  1. Differences and similarities in small Italian states’ diplomatic strategies. How did they act outside Latin-Christian Europe and how did they present themselves when dealing with Muslim powers?
  2. Diplomatic agencies and practices used by small Italian states when negotiating with Muslim powers. Was there a culture of interfaith diplomacy shared by these regional powers during the early modern age?
  3. Changes and continuities in small Italian states’ policy. To what extent did diplomatic negotiations with Muslim rulers alter the policy of Italian regional powers and how they were perceived in the Christian world?

Deadline & details

Maximum 250-word abstract and a short CV (no more than 1 page).

Please send these documents to: clovendukes@gmail.com

Deadline for submission is May 1st, 2023.

Applicants will be notified of the acceptance of their proposal by May 15th, 2023.

Please send your inquiries to clovendukes@gmail.com

 

The Haifa Center for Mediterranean History will cover the costs of accommodation and local transport on the days of the event. More details on this will be provided after the closing of the CFP and the notification of acceptance to participants. Some modest travel support may be on offer, pending the availability of funds.

SEMINAR SERIES: 'Sécularités, dialogue entre théologiens et juristes' - Le 2e jeudi du mois de 16 h 30 à 19 h 30, salle des séminaires de l’IRJS (2e étage), 4 rue Valette 75005 Paris, du 9 février au 8 juin 2023

 

(Image: Dispute of Theologians by Luca Giordano. Source: Wikimedia commons)

Sécularités, dialogue entre théologiens et juristes


 Le 2e jeudi du mois de 16 h 30 à 19 h 30,
salle des séminaires de l’IRJS (2e étage), 4 rue Valette 75005 Paris,
du 9 février au 8 juin 2023 



Animé par Bernard Bourdin, dominicain, professeur d’histoire des idées et de philosophie politique, Institut catholique de Paris, directeur du Centre d’étude du Saulchoir; Pierre Bonin, professeur d’histoire du droit, École de droit de la Sorbonne; François-Guy Trébulle, professeur de droit privé, École de droit de la Sorbonne.


9 février: La Fraternité, avec Jean-Noël Aletti, jésuite, professeur à l’Institut biblique pontifical, et Edouard Verny, professeur de droit privé et science criminelle, Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas

 

9 mars: L’interprétation, avec Timothy Bellamah, dominicain, membre de la Commission léonine, et Pascale Deumier, professeur de droit privé, Université Lyon 3 Jean Moulin

 

13 avril: Le jugement, avec Jean-Paul Durand, dominicain, doyen honoraire de la faculté de droit canonique, Institut catholique de Paris et Cyrille Dounot, professeur d’histoire du droit, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole

 

11 mai: La Faute, avec Bruno Cadoré, ancien maître de l’Ordre des Dominicains, et Bertrand Fages, professeur de droit privé, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne 

 

8 juin: La Vérité, avec Michel Fédou, jésuite, ancien président du Centre Sèvres, et Soazick Kernéis, professeur d’histoire du droit, Université Paris Nanterre


 

Sécularités, dialogue entre théologiens et juristes : Argumentaire


Le séminaire Sécularités se donne pour première ambition, par un échange entre théologiens et juristes sur des objets communs, de comparer les modes de raisonnement, les arsenaux argumentaires, et les stocks de référence des deux disciplines, et donc de sonder l’hypothèse d’influences, éventuellement croisées, dans la manière dont elles se constituent en tant que savoirs spéculatifs. Pour autant, le « théorème de la sécularisation » n’est pas ici saisi ni comme un processus acquis, ni en train de se produire, mais la question en est déplacée vers son aboutissement, en prenant acte de son avancement et donc du fait que si le droit a emprunté à la théologie des matrices d’intelligibilités, celles-ci aujourd’hui ne sont plus assumées, dissimulées ou même refoulées, mais intégrées au point de paraître originellement consubstantielles au droit contemporain. C’est pourquoi l’accent est bien mis sur la sécularité, et non sur la sécularisation, c’est-à-dire sur la post-modernité (entendue comme hyper-modernité, achèvement et épuisement), en attendant que ne se dessinent de nouveaux paradigmes.
La méthode pour identifier d’éventuels points de convergences (ou de toutes aussi éventuelles irréductibles divergences) sera de partir de thématiques à la croisée des deux domaines. Parmi celles-ci, se posera au départ la question du vocabulaire et des principaux cadres conceptuels, non pas exclusivement techniques (encore que des mots ou des notions puissent être partagés, ou au contraire pour déjouer des contresens liés à des approches opposées), mais également pour délimiter le périmètre de l’échange et construire un environnement intellectuel partagé. Les effets de la sécularité et la façon de l’aborder, en théologien et en juriste, ouvriront ensuite au problème de l’unicité de la notion et des déclinaisons de ses formes. Sans doute, le statut de la religion, et des religions, fait-il partie des éléments à envisager à ce titre, mais aussi les domaines classiques de la vie sociale où l’influence religieuse a été la plus prégnante, la famille, le mariage, le corps, la responsabilité… Cependant des objets intellectuels plus récents donnent également matière à des appréhensions qui méritent d’être confrontées, comme l’environnement, le relativisme, la globalisation...
Tant la théologie que le droit ne peuvent se poser comme des connaissances et des raisonnements purement descriptifs, transparents à leur objet, à la différence des sciences exactes et, à leur image, de certaines sciences sociales. Les modalités de rationalité des discours produisent des effets, ce qu’on peut appeler la dogmatique, qui fait que le contenu, la signification et la portée d’une partie sont conditionnés par son rapport avec le tout, dans une relation systémique. C’est d’ailleurs par ce jeu de contraintes qu’est évité l’écueil du pur arbitraire, dès lors que la preuve expérimentale, dans une activité d’interprétation avant tout textuelle, est remplacée par la commune opinion des experts. C’est donc aussi soulever le voile sur leur rôle de décision, et au-delà sur les limites, en partie superposables, des deux disciplines. Il apparaît dès lors que les pensées actuelles du jusnaturalisme, et les façons adaptées de l’envisager, formeront la clé de voute de ces constructions intellectuelles partagées autour des sécularités.


Lors des années précédentes (hors période de pandémie), ont déjà été abordés successivement comme thèmes de dialogue : l’Environnement, la Filiation et la famille, l’Entreprise, le Corps, puis le Contrat, la Responsabilité, la Solidarité, et enfin la Personne, la Hiérarchie, la Liberté religieuse, la Faute. Le programme alors suivi par le séminaire en est ici :
https://univ-droit.fr/actualites-de-la-recherche/manifestations/27765-secularites-dialogue-entre-theologiens-et-juristes
https://univ-droit.fr/actualites-de-la-recherche/manifestations/33074-secularites-dialogue-entre-theologiens-et-juristes-2
https://univ-droit.fr/actualites-de-la-recherche/manifestations/39487-secularites-dialogue-entre-theologiens-et-juristes-3

SEMINAR: Il ‘groviglio costituzionale’ del fascismo: materiali per una mappa concettuale - Presentazione del n. 43 del "Giornale di Storia Costituzionale" - Roma 13 febbraio 2023

03 February 2023

CALL FOR PAPERS: Journées internationales de la Société d'Histoire du Droit (LAUSANNE, 1-4 JUNE 2023); DEADLINE 31 MARCH 2023



We learned that the annual international conference "Journées internationales de la Société d'Histoire du Droit" will take place in Lausanne in early June.


***


« LANGUES ET PAROLES DU DROIT »

Journées internationales d’histoire du droit de Lausanne en 2023


La Faculté de droit, des sciences criminelles et d’administration publique de l’Université de Lausanne, ses autorités, Denis Tappy, Professeur ordinaire en histoire du droit, Anne Peroz, Maître d’enseignement et de recherche, et les assistants de la chaire d’histoire du droit accueilleront les prochaines Journées internationales de la Société d’histoire du droit du 1er au 4 juin 2023 à Lausanne (Suisse). Le thème en sera « Langues et paroles du droit ».

Nous espérons susciter des contributions touchant des facettes variées de ce thème et un large éventail de périodes. Les langues du droit, ce sont bien sûr d’abord les idiomes dans lesquels sont exprimés les lois, mais aussi les traités, les contrats, les opérations de procédure, etc. Pourquoi a-t-on parfois longtemps (jusqu’à nos jours pour le latin en droit canon), recouru à langues mortes, ou au contraire imposé de passer à des langues modernes, lesquelles et avec quelles conséquences (pensons par ex. à l’art. 111 de l’ordonnance de Villers-Cotterêts de 1539, qui voulait bannir le latin des actes non académiques, mais a aussi fini par être fatal, en France, à l’usage juridique d’autres langues vernaculaires que le français …) ? Le fréquent découplage entre la pratique et le recours à des langues d’enseignement spécifiques (principalement le latin jusqu’au XVIIIe siècle, mais on pourrait évoquer également les langues issues de la colonisation en Afrique ou désormais l’anglais universitaire) justifierait aussi certaines interrogations.

On s’intéressera aussi au plurilinguisme juridique (très ancien si l’on songe par ex. à la double version hittite et égyptienne du traité de Quadesh au XIIIe siècle av. J. C ou à certaines constitutions du Bas-Empire romain à la fois en latin et en grec), qui est un sujet incontournable dans un pays comme la Suisse. Y a-t-il alors une langue de référence et des versions « inférieures » ? et comment gère-t-on sinon les inévitables divergences, sans parler des solutions intermédiaires récemment développées avec la différence entre langues officielles et langues de travail dans l’Union européenne ? Il arrive également que, dans un texte juridique en une langue donnée, apparaissent des bribes d’une autre, comme les passages grecs du Digeste ou les gloses malbergiques du droit franc (mais aussi les expressions latines qui ponctuent de nos jours encore travaux de doctrine, plaidoiries ou arrêts là où une prohibition expresse n’a pas été édictée).

Les langues du droit invitent aussi à étudier la traduction juridique. Du latin au vernaculaire, bien sûr (comme pour les versions médiévales en français, mais aussi en provençal, voire en catalan, de textes romains ou canoniques ou pour les entreprises plus récentes et controversées d’un Hulot ou d’un Vignali, jusqu’aux traductions contemporaines du Digeste en allemand, anglais, néerlandais, etc.) mais aussi d’une langue vernaculaire à une autre (traduction en néerlandais du Somme rural, en français du Schwabenspiegel, etc.), voire du vernaculaire au latin (des « auto-traductions » de certains humanistes comme Bodin, à la curieuse version latine du Code Napoléon). Par ailleurs, en cas de traduction après coup notamment de textes légaux, sur quelle initiative ou pourquoi interviennent-elles et comment sont-elles mises en œuvre. avec parfois à cet égard certaines contraintes (comme le kata poda prévu par Justinien pour les futures versions grecques du Digeste) ?

A l’intérieur d’une langue donnée, on pourra s’intéresser aussi aux spécificités de l’expression juridique : forte abstraction, recours à des formulations impersonnelles, etc. L’art. 110 de l’ordonnance de Villers-Cotterêts déjà citée, théoriquement toujours en vigueur, prohibe expressément toute ambiguïté dans la rédaction des arrêts. Peut-être certains évoqueront-ils aussi des questions de paratexte (plan, subdivisions en capitula, article ou paragraphes, titres intermédiaires, interpretationes ou notes marginales, préfaces, etc.) des textes de droit. Enfin, on pourrait s’intéresser à des formes versifiées de textes ou de règles juridiques, qui ont longtemps fourni d’efficaces moyens mnémotechniques et ont même débouché sur des tentatives de mises en vers des monuments juridiques comme les Institutes ou le code Napoléon !

Le deuxième membre du thème retenu, les paroles du droit, devrait permettre d’aborder aussi des questions touchant le fond du droit. Quelle portée normative pour les innombrables adages juridiques ciselés par les ans ? A partir d’où et comment ont évolué ces formulations certains évoquent d’ailleurs précisément le langage (Verba ligant homines, taurorum cornua funes affirme un brocard d’origine bolonaise bien connu). Quelles conséquences de droit matériel ou de procédure dépendent-elles par ailleurs de l’utilisation d’expressions précises ?


Gaius évoque à propos des actions de la loi un procès perdu pour avoir parlé de « vignes » au lieu d’« arbres ». Bien qu’un formalisme aussi extrême relève plutôt de droits archaïques, user de formulations traditionnelles et éprouvées (au sens large, le thème permettrait aussi de s’intéresser à certains recueils ou modèles d’actes) n’a nullement disparu des pratiques juridiques actuelles. Et si l’on se réfère de nos jours volontiers à l’esprit plutôt qu’à la lettre d’une loi ou d’un contrat, sommes-nous toujours conscients que l’opposition entre ces deux termes a elle-même une histoire, remontant en tout cas à la deuxième épître aux Corinthiens de Saint Paul ?

Les paroles du droit pourraient conduire en outre à évoquer des distinctions fameuses (comme celle du droit canon classique entre verba de presenti et verba de futuro) et des questions concrètes d’interprétation, qu’elles concernent des traités, des actes privés, contrats ou testaments, ou des formulations légales. La précision des termes est si importante en droit qu’elle a conduit la doctrine, voire la loi à inventer des règles applicables à de tels problèmes (interprétation contra stipulatorem, dispositions légales supplétives sur le sens d’une expression comme les art. 533 du Code Napoléon, etc.).

Enfin, nos journées ont aussi vocation à accueillir des contributions qui s’intéresseraient à la langue comme objet de réglementation : des changements d’expressions légales (passer dans le Code pénal suisse de « celui qui … » à « quiconque … ») ou des règles récentes imposant parfois des formulations épicènes en sont de bons exemples. Le législateur s’est parfois aussi préoccupé de promouvoir une uniformisation linguistique (à travers des prohibitions de dialectes régionaux aujourd’hui en général sévèrement jugées), de défendre une langue contre une autre (comme avec des normes censées lutter contre le « franglais »), de marquer dans la langue des changements politiques (le « citoyen » révolutionnaire), ou de prohiber des termes ou des noms rappelant un régime ou un dirigeant honni (avec déjà à l’époque romaine des règles consécutive à la damnatio memoriae). Savoir si des règles étatiques peuvent prescrire des changements même simplement orthographiques a d’ailleurs suscité récemment de vifs débats. Un Savigny hostile à l’ingérence de l’Etat en matière juridique aurait répondu par la négative et le parallèle entre langue et droit cher à l’Ecole historique pourrait aussi trouver place dans nos discussions …

Avec ces facettes très diverses du thème retenu nous espérons susciter la venue de nombreux auditeurs et conférenciers. Les inscriptions sont ouvertes de fin janvier au 31 mars 2023 dans la rubrique « Inscription » de ce site. En cas de difficulté, n’hésitez pas à prendre contact avec nous à l’adresse électronique shd2023@unil.ch.

Comme dans les journées de ces dernières années, la durée de chaque présentation sera impérativement limitée à 20 minutes. Pour disposer de temps pour la discussion à la suite de chaque intervention et ne pas perturber le bon déroulement des séances, nous prions les intéressés de ne pas outrepasser cette durée. Ils pourront intégrer ce qu’ils n’auront pas eu la possibilité de présenter oralement dans leur communication écrite pour les actes qui seront publiés ultérieurement.

Conformément aux statuts de la Société, les communications devront en principe être faites en français. Cette règle ne saurait toutefois être interprétée trop strictement dans des journées consacrées à la langue, d’autant que la tradition a aussi parfois admis le recours à la ou les langues du pays d’accueil. Nous pourrons dès lors accepter un petit nombre de communications en allemand ou en italien, voire en anglais. Dans ce cas nous souhaiterions alors disposer suffisamment à l’avance d’un document écrit résumant en français la communication en question et qui pourra être distribué à ceux qui assisteront à celle-ci. Au besoin Anne Peroz, moi-même ou nos assistants serons d’ailleurs à disposition pour aider à traduire de tels résumés.

Nous nous réjouissons de vous accueillir sur les rives du lac Léman et espérons que vous serez nombreux à vous inscrire. Dans l’attente du plaisir de vous saluer à Lausanne, nous vous adressons à toutes et tous nos meilleurs messages.

Les organisateurs


More information can be found on the conference website

 

02 February 2023

EXTENDED DEADLINE, CFP : Conference Iustoria 2023 - University of Belgrade, 23-25 March 2023 [NEW DEADLINE 20 FEB 2023]


 


The University of Belgrade Faculty of Law is now receiving paper proposals for the Fourth student conference on legal history – the Iustoria 2023, to be held on March 23rd -25th, 2023, its topic being “Law and Punishment”.

In 2023, it will be 150 years since corporal punishment was abolished in Serbian law, by the 1873 amendments of the Penal (Criminal) Code of 1860. To commemorate this anniversary, we wish to stimulate research related to punishment and sanctions in law. From the earliest legal history of Antiquity, all the way to the Modern Age, a large part of the law is concerned precisely with the sanctions for undesirable behaviour. Theory considers only that legal norm to be complete which prescribes a sanction in case of disobedience. First of all, a large array of subjects related to criminal law is available to our participants – on different types and subtypes of sanctions and manners of their execution, on the punishment for individual crimes and categories of crimes, as well on the purpose of punishment, which has had different aspects throughout the ages: retribution against the perpetrator, his reformation, special or general prevention, compensation for the victim… In various legal systems throughout history, different personal properties of the perpetrator and the victim could influence punishment: gender, age, belonging to a certain estate, class or caste, whether they were free persons or slaves, what their previous relationship used to be… One could also open the subjects of divine punishment, self-help and vendetta (blood feuds), talion and composition, as well as the private or public enforcement and execution of sanctions. Besides these central subjects related to criminal law, we also accept papers concerning other types of punitive norms, such as contractual penalties in the law of obligations, or the use of sanctions in international law.

All students of undergraduate and post-graduate studies pertaining to law or other humanities are eligible to apply for the conference. The applications should contain basic personal information (name and surname, faculty, department, level and year of study), along with an extended abstract containing anywhere between 500 and 1000 words. Applications are accepted in either Serbian or English.

The applications should be e-mailed to iustoria@ius.bg.ac.rs before the 20th of February, 2023. The students will be informed by the 25th of January whether or not their application has been accepted. A provisional programme for the conference will be announced by the 10th of February. For any additional information you may enquire at the same e-mail address, or consult the official Facebook page of the conference – https://www.facebook.com/iustoria

Just like on our previous conferences, apart from the presentations given by their colleagues, the students at the conference will have an opportunity to attend several lectures given by renowned experts – more details on this will be available in the final version of the programme. The conference will be held in hybrid format: both in-person or online participation will be possible. We'll do our best to secure accommodations either in student dorms or with student host families for participants who don’t reside in Belgrade and who wish to participate in person. These arrangements will depend on the number of available spots. The final versions of the papers presented at the conference, with final changes and corrections submitted within a reasonable time after the conference, will be submitted for publication in the journal „Vesnik pravne istorije / Herald of Legal History“ (http://epub.ius.bg.ac.rs/index.php/Vesnik/index).

ARTICLE: Tobias HODEL, "Konsequenzen der Handschriftenerkennung und des maschinellen Lernens für die Geschichtswissenschaft. Anwendung, Einordnung und Methodenkritik" (Historische Zeitschrift CCCXVI (2023) nr. 1, 151-180

 

(image source: DeGruyter)

Abstract:

The ability to read historical manuscripts has been part of the auxiliary scientific method apparatus for centuries; automated handwritten text recognition thus corresponds to a potential facilitation of work that opens up new perspectives for history. In order to assess the technology and its potential, we will explain which factors are crucial for successful recognition and how the results can be further processed. By means of machine or deep learning, however, the method apparatus is also extended by a learning procedure that relies on large amounts of data and adopts valuations from the underlying data, which often leads to undesired side effects. Handwritten text recognition can thus be used to experience and critically evaluate a technology that is currently finding its way into various areas of science and our daily lives.

Read the article here (DOI 10.1515/hzhz-2023-0006).

JOURNAL: Special Issue: The United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC), 1943-1948, and the Codification of International Criminal Law (Journal of the History of International Law/Revue d'histoire du droit international XXIV (2022), No. 3 (August)

 

(image source: Brill)

The United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC), 1943–1948, and the Codification of International Criminal Law: An Introduction to the Special Issue (Sabina Ferhadbegović, Kerstin von Lingen & Julia Eichenberg)
DOI 10.1163/15718050-12340208

Epistemic Communities of Exile Lawyers at the UNWCC (Kerstin von Lingen) (OPEN ACCESS)
DOI 10.1163/15718050-bja10072
Abstract:
During the 1940s in London, exiled lawyers from Europe and Asia were among the main actors in coining one of the most known principles of international criminal law. The notion of ‘crimes against humanity’ emanated from their legal debates. This paper debates how the term surfaced in meetings of the United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC) in 1944 and was taken up by the London Charter for the Nuremberg International Tribunal in 1945. Legal concepts, which previously needed to be discussed at conferences and via correspondence, developed much more quickly in the ‘breeding ground’ of the exile situation in London and were influenced by different legal traditions, here termed ‘legal flows’.

Crossroads in London on the Road to Nuremberg: The London International Assembly, Exile Governments and War Crimes (Julia Eichenberg) (OPEN ACCESS)
DOI 10.1163/15718050-bja10071
Abstract:

During the Second World War, representatives of occupied European countries fled the continent, mostly to Great Britain. From 1940 onwards, exiled political representatives of Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Yugoslavia and Free France were situated in London. This initiated debates about a broad range of legal issues, ranging from recognition and legitimacy to post-war justice. Law thus became a focal point in London, both imperative to uphold statehood and legitimacy in exile and an indispensable tool for planning and structuring the post-war world. This article looks at the pre-history of the UNWCC and presents interests and forces behind the creation of such a commission, and the attempts of different groups, states and individuals to maintain agency. This article will introduce discussions around the St James’s Declaration, the London International Assembly (LIA) and at Chatham House as important steps leading towards the UNWCC.

The Absent Player: The Soviet Union and the Genesis of the Allied War Crimes Trials Program, 1941–1943 (Valentyna Polunina)
DOI  10.1163/15718050-bja10079
Abstract:

During World War II, it was important for the Kremlin to be a part of the Allied effort to prosecute war criminals, and initially Moscow planned to join the UNWCC. However, attempts by the Soviet Union to increase its influence on the Commission led to the opposition of the Western Allies. The USSR wanted to demonstrate that they were capable of conducting their own investigations. With this task in mind, Moscow founded their alternative to the UNWCC – the Extraordinary State Commission. This article seeks to address the influence of Soviet legal innovations on the UNWCC – in particular on the Czechoslovak representative Bohuslav Ečer – as well as Moscow’s own attempts to investigate Nazi war crimes.

The United Nations War Crimes Commission and the Prosecution of War Criminals in Yugoslavia (Sabina Ferhadbegović)
DOI 10.1163/15718050-bja10066
Abstract:

To understand the different developments that shaped the Yugoslav war crimes policy it is important to analyse the impact of international discussions on the Yugoslav criminal law and the Yugoslav involvement in the United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC). During the Second World War two different institutions claimed to be the legal representatives of the Yugoslav people: The Yugoslav government in exile in London and the communist led AVNOJ (The Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia). With this in mind, this paper analyses Yugoslav war crimes policies from different perspectives and in different settings. It shows that the Yugoslav`s discussion about the punishment of war criminals was influenced by power struggles, geopolitical aims, and legitimacy. While Yugoslav government in exile got lost in internal nationalist struggles, it was the Yugoslav representative at the UNWCC, and the communist led State commission to investigate the crimes of the occupiers and their accomplices who took the active role and shaped the Yugoslav war crimes policy. In consequence the Yugoslav national law for prosecuting war crimes was developed from different sources: pre-WWII traditions, Soviet law, and the UNWCC. 

A Lawyer in Exile: Johannes M. de Moor and the Circulation of Legal Knowledge in Wartime London (Sara Weydner)
DOI 10.1163/15718050-bja10067
Abstract:

De Moor’s biography illustrates how people and ideas travelled between and within national and transnational spaces. He played a role in the circulation of legal knowledge in the transnational epistemic community, more precisely between the Cambridge Commission and the London International Assembly. In thinking about the future of the international order and the place of nation states within it, De Moor came to embrace the idea that state sovereignty and the rule of law had to be recalibrated and that, as a logical conclusion, war crimes could be prosecuted internationally. In London, he became an advocate for a universal organization backed by an international court and an international armed force. He envisioned an international rule of law as the underlying system governing the international order.

The Imperial Precipice: Jurists and Diplomats of the French Empire at the United Nations War Crimes Commission (Ann-Sophie Schoepfel)
DOI 10.1163/15718050-bja10070
Abstract:

Delving into world-spanning legal agencies, histories of exiled diplomats and lawyers, this paper explores how Free France defended at the United Nations War Crimes Commission the vision of the interwar liberal order, one that reached across the global territories of the mandate system administered by the League of Nations, into the colonial territories of the French empire. From London to Chongqing, facing Vichy collaborationist authoritarian dictatorship in metropolitan France and anti-colonial pressures from the turbulent colonial frontiers, a handful of Free French jurists and politicians worked day and night to establish the imperial sovereignty of the French exile committee of general Charles de Gaulle, and restore French republicanism rooted in the legal tradition of Nicolas Fouquet, Jacques de Maleville and Léon Duguit. Drawing upon newly-unsealed UN and French archival materials, this paper documents Free France’s intervention at the UNWCC, the activities of its representatives and reflection on empires, race and international law.

Australian Representatives to the UNWCC, 1943–1948 (Narrelle Morris)
DOI 10.1163/15718050-12340204
Abstract:

Australia had a number of significant personnel involved in the United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC). Yet the strongest Australian influence on the UNWCC was not Australian at all; it was the British-born jurist Lord Wright of Durley, who served as Australia’s representative from mid-1944 and as UNWCC chair during the pivotal years from 1945 to 1948. Lord Wright took charge only months before the wars in Europe and the Pacific ended and thus played a significant role in directing the UNWCC’s efforts during this crucial period. Unfortunately, the UNWCC became less and less able over time to influence its national members and their approaches to prosecuting war crimes. The eventual sidelining of the UNWCC does not, however, change its important place in the history of multilateral institutions that sought to deal with war crimes committed in the twentieth century by means of international criminal law. Nor does it detract from the honest and industrious work of the various national representatives, including Lord Wright, to ensure that war criminals did not escape justice. 

Book reviews:

  •  Revolutions in International Law. The Legacies of 1917 , edited by Katryn Greenman, Anne Orford, Anna Sounders and Ntina Tzouvala (by Raluca Grosescu)
  • International Organization as Technocratic Utopia , written by Jens Steffek (Negar Mansouri)
  • Contingency in International Law: On the Possibility of Different Legal Histories , edited by Ingo Venzke and Kevin Jon Heller (by Ville Kari)
Read more on Brill's website.

CFP SYMPOSIUM: ‘Celebrating Women in Legal History: The Lives and Legacies of Early Women Legal Historians’ - The University of Liverpool School of Law and Social Justice, 1 September 2023 [DEADLINE 21 APR 2023].

 


Selden’s Sister invites abstracts for the Symposium

‘Celebrating Women in Legal History: The Lives and Legacies of Early Women Legal

Historians’

The University of Liverpool School of Law and Social Justice

1st September 2023.


This one-day hybrid symposium aims to celebrate the contributions of women to early legal historical scholarship, to commemorate the achievements of under-appreciated figures in legal history, and to assess their contributions in light of present understandings of the discipline. We particularly encourage papers that engage with the work of nineteenth and twentieth-century researchers.

Papers might consider (but are not restricted to):

 The work of particular women, or groups of women, whose research significantly impacted legal, constitutional, or administrative history.

 Current research projects that make extensive use of the work of one or multiple early women legal historians.

 Biographical accounts of women who undertook legal historical research in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

 Historiographical accounts of areas of legal history that have been significantly developed by women scholars.

 Accounts of other contributions made by women to early legal historical scholarship, for example as patrons, librarians, editors, or typists.

 Fictional or artistic accounts of women in legal history

Abstracts are welcomed from scholars of all genders, disciplines, and career stages. Delegates will be able to present their papers in-person or online. There is a limited amount of funding for travel within the UK and accommodation expenses, priority for which will be given to postgraduate and early-career scholars.

Please submit any queries and abstracts of no more than 300 words to seldenssister@gmail.com by Friday 21 st April 2023.

Selden’s Sister are a collaborative body of legal historians across multiple UKHE institutions. We seek to champion the work of contemporary female legal historians, and highlight past contributions to legal history.

01 February 2023

JOURNAL: Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis/Revue d'histoire du droit/The Legal History Review LXXXXIX (2022), nr. 3-4

 

(image source: Brill)

Olav Moorman van Kappen † (De Redactie/La rédaction/The Editors)
DOI 10.1163/15718190-20220032

Uitreking Prijs Robert Feenstra 2017-2019
DOI 10.1163/15718190-20220033

Articles

The politics of the lex Aquilia Reparation disputes in the battle of the orders: the quest for fair trials (Wolfgang Ernst) [OPEN ACCESS]
DOI 10.1163/15718190-20220018
Abstract:

Centuries of interpretation by sophisticated Roman jurists developed a comprehensive and nuanced law of damage to personal property, based on the republican lex Aquilia. This lex originated from a plebiscite and the plebeians must have pursued a comprehensible political purpose. That purpose is to be found in the ‘access to justice’ problem inherent in the legis actio per sacramentum procedure, which hindered cash-poor plebeians from engaging in adversarial trials. This grievance became pressing in the aftermath of the last secessio plebis (ca. 287 BCE) when vast amounts of property damage and destruction awaited judicial redress. For the most heinous deeds, the killing of slaves and cattle, a manus iniectio procedure was instituted that incentivised uncontested payment of reparations based on a confessio in iure. In the context of this reform, other elements of the lex Aquilia can be reconsidered, inter alia the reliance on a price from the preceding year and the mysterious Chapter II.

Le manomissioni del ius civile e il momento acquisitivo della cittadinanza romana (Lorenzo Gagliardi)
DOI 10.1163/15718190-20220023
Abstract:

A comparison is made among the three manumissions of the ius civile and it is investigated what was the moment in which the freedmen acquired Roman citizenship and could begin to exercise political rights. It is concluded that the manumissi censu acquired all political rights immediately after the manumission. The manumissi vindicta and testamento, on the other hand, acquired citizenship at the time of manumission, but had to wait for the census both to be admitted to the centuriate assembly and to be registered in the tribes (and therefore to receive the right to vote in the tribal assemblies).

Akteure im Hintergrund Die Rolle der Faktoren in kaufmännischen Netzwerken und die Genese ihres rechtlichen Handlungsspielraums (Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation und Deutsches Reich) (Anja Amend-Traut)
DOI  10.1163/15718190-20220016
Abstract:

Already since the emergence of supra-national trade, merchants and trading companies have made use of so-called Faktoren (factors) to establish and expand their business networks. The increasing differentiation of the factor activity was first taken into account by the case law and commercial expert opinions, so-called pareres, which were subsequently received and finally led to the commercial codifications by constituting their own legal figures for dependent and independent action, in particular the assistants, the power of attorney and the commission. As part of this consolidation process, the special need for protection of trade and its trust in the persons appointed by the principal, who bore the risk of having used third parties for his interests, was implemented. Long before this risk distribution led to the ALR and subsequent trade laws, this fundamental trading ethos was established and further developed by merchants and lawyers alike. Only this further training and transfer to new constellations and legal figures formed the basis for the distinction between a commercial and civil law obligation of the represented person for his representative.

Jacob Coren’s Observatio 40: shipowner liability for inculpable ship collision and its limitation in Roman-Dutch law (Tim Lubbers)
DOI  10.1163/15718190-20220026
Abstract:

In 1617, two Dutch merchantmen collided in a storm on the North Sea. The incident resulted in extensive legal proceedings before the Supreme Court of Holland, Zeeland and West-Friesland, lasting until 1640. In an unprecedented decision, which was published as no. 40 of Jacob Coren’s well-known Observationes, the Court limited the liability of shipowners for inculpable ship collision to the value of their ship. Based both on extensive archival research and the text of Coren’s Observatio, the present article offers a detailed discussion of the facts and proceedings of the case, and sets out how the case was received by Roman-Dutch scholars. As it turns out, limitation of shipowner liability was analysed in terms of noxal surrender in order to reconcile shipowner liability for inculpable ship collision with contemporary perceptions of equity.

‘Mercatores isti regulandi’: Monopolies and moral regulation of the market in Pedro de Oñate’s De contractibus (Wim Decock) 
DOI 10.1163/15718190-20220017
Abstract:

Compared to the writings of other teólogos-juristas belonging to the so-called School of Salamanca, Pedro de Oñate’s (1567-1646) De contractibus has met with little if almost no interest in the literature. It nevertheless marks an epochal achievement in the history of juridical and economic thought. Published between 1646 and 1654, Oñate’s De contractibus epitomizes five centuries of scholastic thinking about the moral regulation of the market. It is a spectacular work, addressing hundreds of problems related to contractual agreements and commercial life in general. This paper offers an overview of Oñate’s lengthy assessment of monopolistic practices, including price-fixing cartels, import barriers, the creation of artificial scarcity, and legal monopolies, including the conceptualization of intellectual property. Two major conclusions can be reached from the close-reading of Oñate’s treatment of monopolistic practices. First, Oñate’s opinions are marked by an even starker emphasis on individual rights, property and freedom than those of his colleagues working in major cities on the other side of the Atlantic. Second, his analysis is not only the reflection of his extraordinary knowledge of centuries of scholastic thinking about the morality of the market, but also of his practical experience in the New World.

Chinese international lawyer and British doctoral supervisor The case of Hwang King Hung and Hersch Lauterpacht (Li Chen)
DOI 10.1163/15718190-20220025
Abstract:

This article draws upon multi-archival research to rediscover Hwang King Hung, a forgotten Chinese international lawyer who was the first ethnic Chinese person to receive a PhD in Law from Cambridge University. Specifically, it aims to shed light on how Hwang was trained by Hersch Lauterpacht, Hwang’s doctoral supervisor, and how Lauterpacht played a crucial role in training eminent Chinese international lawyers in the first part of the 20th century. It further aims to challenge the traditional Eurocentrism of international legal history and inspire further research into the lived experiences of the pioneer generation of international lawyers from China.

Der Erbvertrag der Römer und der Erbvertrag heute Einige Erwägungen zu dem Buch von M.F. Merotto (Aleksander Grebieniow)
DOI  10.1163/15718190-20220024
Abstract:

Pacta successoria in Roman and contemporary law: observations in the margin of M.F. Merotto’s recent book. – The work I patti successori dispositivi nel diritto romano is the most recent publication tackling the problem of contractual succession according to Roman law. In the book’s introduction, Maria Federica Merotto responds to the voices calling for a more nuanced study of this phenomenon. Despite numerous exciting thoughts, the study displays shortcommings. The vast discrepancy between the declared methodological attitude and the actual course of the textual exegesis serves as a starting point for a more profound reflection on the shadow that modern legal concepts cast onto the ancient texts and the narrowness of traditional corpus of sources in conventional Roman law research.

Book reviews:

  • Antichresis en pandgebruik, De bevoegdheid van de zekerheidsgerechtigde tot gebruik, beheer en vruchttrekking in rechtshistorisch en rechtsvergelijkend perspectief, written by R. Bobbink (Author: D. Schanbacher)
  • De ondeelbaarheid van het pand- en hypotheekrecht; deconstuctie van een leerstuk, Een historisch-comparatieve studie, written by J. van Kralingen (D. Schanbacher)
  • A history of Russian law from ancient times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649, written by F.J.M. Feldbrugge (Martin Avenarius)
  • Loans and credit in consilia and decisiones in the Low Countries (c. 1500-1680), written by W. Druwé (Wolfgang Ernst)
  • Freedom, an unruly history, written by Annelien de Dijn (Christophe Maes)
  • Patent cultures, Diversity and harmonization in historical perspective , edited by G. Gooday [and] S. Wilf (Louis Pahlow)
Necrologie/Nécrologie/Obituary
In memoriam Margaret Louise Hewett, 1934-2022 (Jan Hallebeek)

Kroniek/Chronique/Chronicle

Ontvangen werken/Ouvrages reçus/Publications Reviewed

Read evertyhing on Brill's website.

 

PODCAST: Jacques KRYNEN on Philip IV the Fair of France and the Birth of the French State (Les grands entretiens de Storiavoce, 30 JAN 2023)

 

(image source: Gallimard)

The renowned French legal historian Prof. Jacques Krynen has been interviewed by Christophe Dickès on the podcast Storiavoce, on his most recent book covering Philip IV the Fair of France and the legal construction of the realm.

Abstract:

Dans notre mémoire nationale, la figure de Philippe le Bel reste attachée à une dérive autoritaire de la monarchie capétienne. Longtemps critiqué, il fut pourtant réhabilité par les études historiques tout au long du XIXe siècle. En effet, ce roi a fait la France à plus d’un titre. Son règne s’inscrit dans un contexte de maturation institutionnelle ainsi qu’un mouvement intellectuel juridique et philosophique de grande ampleur. Qui était donc Philippe le Bel ? Quelle fut la singularité du roi par rapport à ses prédécesseurs, Saint Louis et Philippe Auguste ? Comment comprendre les motivations de sa politique à l’égard des templiers ou du pape Boniface VIII ? Quel contenu la royauté donna au droit royal et quelle place pris la religion dans l’exercice du pouvoir ?

L’invité : 

Jacques Krynen est un historien du droit, spécialiste de l’époque médiévale et moderne. Auteur de nombreux ouvrages dont la codirection du Dictionnaire historique des juristes français, XIIe-XXe siècle paru aux PUF (2012). Professeur émérite de l’université de Toulouse Capitole, il a publié récemment : Philippe le Bel, la puissance et la grandeur (Gallimard, 160 pages, 17 €).

Listen here

(source: Storiavoce)

VIDEO: David FEUTRY & Olivier CHALINE, "Plumes de fer et robes de papier. Logiques institutionnelles et pratiques politiques au parlement de Paris" (Paris: Ecole nationale des Chartes, 2015)

(image source: Fnac)

 Abstract:

Débat autour du livre de David Feutry, "Plumes de fer et robes de papier. Logiques institutionnelles et pratiques politiques du parlement de Paris", avec Olivier Chaline, dans le cadre du cycle "Les Mardis de l'École des chartes".

Watch the video here or on Youtube.

31 January 2023

JOURNAL: Journal of the History of International Law/Revue d'histoire du droit international XXIV (2022), no. 2 (June)

 

(image source: Brill)

Articles:

The Historical Origins of the Duty to Save Life at Sea in International Law (Irini Papanicolopulu)
(DOI 10.1163/15718050-12340199)
Abstract:

The article looks into the historical development of the international law duty to save life at sea. It argues that this duty has its origins into legal sources that predated the genesis of international law in the sixteenth century. According to these sources, three separate sets of norms were developed to address the need to save life at sea: rules on the safety of navigation; rules concerning assistance to the shipwrecked and their protection; and rules on the duty of masters to provide assistance. Leaving aside the first category, the article illustrates how these sources where used by seventeenth and eighteenth century international lawyers to substantiate the existence of a duty to assist the shipwrecked and a right to seek refuge for vessels in distress. Nineteenth century scholars added the duty of the master to provide rescue. These scholarly codifications set the basis for a codification, first by learned societies and then by states, during the last decades of the nineteenth century. Codification was eventually achieved through two conventions adopted in 1910. The article argues that while the content of the duty changed to adapt to technological developments affecting navigation, as well as to changing perceptions of the sources and effects of international law, the common principle at its basis has always been part of international law.

Exclusion vs Cooperation in the Utilisation of Transboundary Watercourses: The Case for Decolonising the Nile Water Agreements (Fekade Abebe)
(DOI: 10.1163/15718050-bja10062)
Abstract:

The relationship between Egypt and Ethiopia was marked with tension for centuries due to the utilisation of the Nile river. Recently, it took a turn for the worst after Ethiopia announced it is building the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Nile river. This article argues that one important explanation for the deep-seated disagreements between Egypt and Ethiopia is the history of the legal instruments frequently invoked which were set up to safeguard the colonial interest of Britain over Egypt and the entire upper Nile region. Britain’s use of these legal instruments to advance its colonial domination of the region, with disregard to the interests of native communities, had left a legacy of exclusive utilisation over the river which haunts the current legal discourse. The article argues that the Nile basin countries need to acknowledge this colonial legacy in the legal discourse and need to move towards cooperation.

Making International Law Truly ‘International’? Reflecting on Colonial Approaches to the China-Vietnam Dispute in the South China Sea and the Tribute System (So Yeon Kim) [OPEN ACCESS]
(DOI 10.1163/15718050-12340183)
Abstract:

Before non-European regions adopted international law, a different set of law of territory governed the non-European regions. Notwithstanding their differences, international courts and tribunals have approached non-European territorial disputes through a single lens of Eurocentric international law. The general claim of this article is that international courts and tribunals should approach non-European territorial disputes with special consideration to account for the region’s historical system. This article case studies the China-Vietnam dispute in the South China Sea to advance this claim. Through the case study, I argue that East Asian concepts of sovereignty do not equate with those employed by Eurocentric international law. I then suggest guidelines for considering regional systems when ruling on non-European territorial disputes. If international courts and tribunals do not change their legal approach, this not only distorts the historical realities of the non-European regions but also results in unfair dispute settlements.

Pan-Americanism as a Hemispheric Model for a Global Order? The Pan-American Peace Pact of 1914 (Klaas Dykmann)
(DOI  10.1163/15718050-12340194)
Abstract:

Some in US President Woodrow Wilson’s administration saw an opening to seize several opportunities in 1914 to present the United States as a hemispheric unifier offering an alternative for war-torn Europe. Since an international convention or a negotiated solution in Europe seemed unlikely, the US tried to establish a peace agreement for the western hemisphere to universalise American international law and multilateralise the Monroe Doctrine in a way that would mutually recognise each American republic’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and demonstrate to Europe that a negotiated peace was possible. This article analyses the emergence of the idea of the Pan-American Peace Pact and its regional and global significance in view of the League of Nations that was later established.

 Book reviews:

  • Great Britain, International Law, and the Evolution of Maritime Strategic Thought, 1856–1914, written by Gabriela Frei (Frederik Dhondt)
  • Remaking Central Europe: The League of Nations and the Former Habsburg Lands, edited by Peter Becker and Natasha Wheatley (Omer Aloni)

 Read everything on Brill's website.

 


VIDEO: Michelle PERROT on the Social History of Justice (Les entretiens de Criminocorpus)

 

The French research site Criminocorpus released an interview with the esteemed French historian Michelle Perrot on her career and the social history of justice. Watch it above or on Youtube.