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17 October 2022

CALL FOR PAPERS: The concept of Hazard, Legal historians PhD workshop - University of Lille [Deadline 15 DEC 2022]

 Call for Papers

The Hazard

 

The concept of hazard having the aim of protecting against the unforeseen, it is very logically in terms of insurance that we first see it emerge in the legal field. Thus, the first attempt to limit the risk appears in French law with the bottomry in the Middle Ages. Likewise, Common Law, with the case law Carter v. Boehm of 1766 focusing on the notion of good faith in terms of contracts, links the hazard with the insurance contract. 

Nevertheless, the definition of hazard is not limited to business law. The French jurist  G. Cornu states that « element of chance, of uncertainty which introduces, into the economy of an operation, a chance of gain or loss for those concerned  {...} is of the essence of certain contracts ». Thus encompassing both the random contract defined by article 1108 of the civil code «when the parties agree to make the effects of the contract, as regards the advantages and losses which will result from it, depend on an uncertain event» that the commutative contract, though supposed to be little subject to hazards. An accidental element can occur in this type of contract without systematically calling into question the commutative nature of the contract. Caton, taken over by Pompon ùius (D., XVIII,I, 8) didn't he consider that the sale of an object was nothing other than a « buying of the hazard » ?

However, limiting the hazard to a purely contractual vision would lead to the exclusion of many legal fields which are nevertheless concerned. Thus, institutional law, unless considering J.-J. Rousseau's social contract, as a real contract, would be excluded from it even though it is directly concerned by the desire to guard against the hazard. The example of the Roman Republic perfectly illustrates this link by its state of emergency system which allows the appointment of a dictator to handle a crisis, a hazard threatening the institutions of the Republic.The principle of choosing a man to deal with the risks and restore the institutional order will cross the ages. Thus, the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic can grant by its article 16, full powers to the head of the executive in order to manage a crisis that could threaten the institutions of the Republic. This constancy of the hazard through the ages is also found in other less visible laws, such as medical law, which is linked to this notion by the therapeutic hazard. The problem is already present under the Old Regime and multiplies with the medical experiments that take place from the 18th century. 

A contrario, some legal fields reject any reference to hazard, such as the law of war. Thus, the modern authors of jus gentium abandon the idea of subjecting war to chance (namely the drawing of lots) that Grotius had admitted in a few cases ('sortis aleae subiici belli exitus licite non semper potest', De iure belli ac pacis, III.20.42). Other fields which traditionally refuse the hazard, such as the climatic and environmental fields are beginning to accept this notion. None of the rules laid down to try to circumscribe the hazard is enough to prove that Mallarmé was wrong. Him who wrote that a throw of the dice had never abolish chance. This is undoubtedly the reason why the concept is the subject of new legal work permanently in positive law. One of the common points of these works is to make the management of the hazard depend on its form. : is it mere chance or risk, is risk a negative or a positive thing ?


A study day of PhD students at the Center d'Histoire Judiciaire de Lille, will be held on March 24, 2023, aims to conduct a legal and historical reflection on the contours of the notion of hazard, around oral presentation of a duration of 15 min in French or in English. Paper proposals, which are mainly aimed at doctoral students and young researchers, will be sent before Thursday, December 15, 2022 midnight to the following email address: doctorantchj@gmail.com. The text will be written in Times New Roman font of size 12 with a line spacing of 1.5 and must not exceed 4,000 characters (including spaces). PDF format is preferred. Communications must be in French or English.


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

I. Monographies  

- BAILLOT ( Philippe ), L’aléa, Paris, Dalloz, 2011  

- BÉNABENT ( Alain ), La chance et le droit, Paris, Libraire générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1973  - BENSA ( M.E. ), Histoire du Contrat d’Assurance au Moyen-Âge, Paris, Albert Fontemoing, 1897  

- BESSIN ( Marc ) et al., Bifurcations : les sciences sociales face aux ruptures et à l’évènement, Paris, La  Découverte, 2016  

- CARBONNIER ( Jean ), Flexible droit, Paris, Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1991  

- CORNU ( Gérard ), Vocabulaire juridique, Association Henri Capitant, Paris, Presses Universitaires de  France, 7e édition, 2005 

- DEMONT ( Bruno ), LEVENEUR ( Laurent ), L’aléa dans le contrat d’assurance, Paris, LGDJ-Lextenso  éditions, 2013  

- DOBRY ( Michel ), Sociologie des crises politiques : la dynamique des mobilisations multisectorielles,  Paris, Presses de la fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 2009 

- DOWNE ( Alexis ), La gestion des risques contractuels par le contrat : étude du droit français à la  lumière du droit anglais, Toulouse, Presses de l’Université de Toulouse, 2018  

- ETIER ( Guillaume ), Du risque à la faute : évolution de la responsabilité civile pour le risque du droit  romain au droit commun, Bruxelles, Bruylant Genève, 2006 

- FRYDMAN ( René ), FLIS-TRÈVES ( Muriel ), L’imprévu : Infortune ou opportunité ?, Paris, PUF, 2016  

- GABAYET ( Nicolas ), L’aléa dans les contrats publics en droit anglais et droit français, Issy-les Moulineaux, LGDJ, 2015  

- GAEL-RAGOT ( Génica ), Le risque de faillite : surveillance et gestion, Paris, Ed. comptable  Malesherbes, 1995  

- HEWARD (Edmund), Lord Mansfield : A Biography of William Murray 1st Earl of Mansfield 1705–1793 Lord Chief Justice for 32 years, London, Barry Rose, 1979 

- HONORAT ( Jean ), L’idée d’acceptation des risques dans la responsabilité civile, Paris, Librairie  générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1969  

- KAHN ( Raymond ), La notion de l’aléa dans les contrats, Paris, Jouve, 1924  

- LACASSE ( Nicole ), La gestion des risques dans les contrats internationaux, Montréal, Wilson &  Lafleur, 1991  

- MACKAAY ( Ejan ), Les incertitudes du droit :, Uncertainty and the law, Montréal, Thémis, 1999 

- MATHIEU ( Anne-Laure ), Logique et raisonnement juridique, Paris, Presses universitaires de France,  2001  

- MATTÉI ( Jean-Mathieu ), Histoire du droit de la guerre ( 1700-1819 ). Introduction à l’histoire du droit  international, Marseille, Presses universitaires d’Aix-Marseille, 2015  

- MITCHELL (Charles), MITCHELL (Paul), Landmark Cases in the Law of Contract, Oxford, Hart publishing, 2008

- POTHIER ( Robert Joseph ), Traités des contrats aléatoires : selon les règles, tant du for de la  conscience, que du for extérieur, Paris, Debure père, Imp. du Roi, de l'Evêché, & de l'Université, 1770.

- ROSSI (Guido), Insurance in Elizabethan England: The London Code, Cambridge, Cambridge university press, 2016.

WILSON (Mark), Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2021.


Call for Papers

- ROUX ( Jean-André ), La défense contre le crime : répression et prévention, Paris, Félix Alcan, 1922  

- SAISON ( JOHANNE ), Le risque médical : évolution de la responsabilité sans faute du service public  hospitalier, Paris, Éditions L’Harmattan, 1999  

- SANSÉVÉRINO-GODFRIN ( Valérie ), Le cadre juridique de la gestion des risques naturels, Paris, Ed  Tec& doc-Lavoisier, 2008 

- SIMON ( Anne ), L’imprévu et le droit, Paris, Mare & Martin, 2017  

- VERDUN ( Franck ), La gestion des risques juridiques, Paris, Ed. d’Organisation, 2006  

II. Articles  

- BABIN ( Audrey ) et al., « Le droit bousculé par l'imprévu. Actes du Séminaire de l'École doctorale du 15  juin 2012. Contribution du Master 2 Histoire du Droit », Revue juridique de l'Ouest, 2012-4, pp. 457-474 

- BONAH ( Christian ), GAUDILLIÈRE ( Jean-Paul ), « Faute, accident ou risque iatrogène ? La régulation  des événements indésirables du médicament à l’aune des affaires Stalinon et Distilbène », Revue française  des affaires sociales, no3-4, 2007, pp. 123-151 

- BRUNORI ( Luisa ), « Limitation de l’imprévu et protection contre l’imprévisible dans un contrat inédit  du Siglo de Oro espagnol », Rerum novarum ac veterum scientia. Mélanges en l’honneur de Brigitte  Basdevant-Gaudemet, M. Bégou-Davia, F. Demoulin-Auzary, F. Jankowiak (dir.), Mare & Martin, 2020,  pp. 185-198  

- GUYARD ( Nicolas ), « « Calamnitez extremes » et culte des reliques. Les catholiques face aux aléas  climatiques en France au XVIIe siècle », Histoire, monde et cultures religieuses, no40, 2016, pp. 13-25 

- HERVIEU ( Merryl ), « Pas d’aléa, pas d’assurance », Dalloz Actu Étudiant, 2021 

- MARTIN ( Dominique ), « L’indemnisation des victimes d’accidents médicaux et ses mécanismes de  financement », Les tribunes de la santé, no24, 2009, pp.29-40  

- TANGUY ( Jean-François ), « Les magistrats français et les aléas du XIXe siècle : trois générations, une  idée », Les praticiens du droit du Moyen-Âge à l’époque contemporaine, Rennes, Presses universitaires de  Rennes, 2008, pp. 239-254 

- THIVENAUD ( Jean-Marie ), « Le risque et son prix : Genèse d’un concept et de son évaluation juridico financière (XIVe-XVIIe siècles) », Revue d’économie financière, no37, 1996, pp.253-274 

- Y.D ( sic ), « L’aléa contractuel n’empêche pas la réduction judiciaire de la rémunération convenue entre  les parties », Dalloz Actu Étudiant, 2011  

III. Thesis  

- BROUSSY ( Charlotte ), Histoire du contrat d’assurance ( XVI-XXe siècles ), thèse dactyl., Université de  Montpellier, 2016  

- LIVET ( Benoît ), Aléas climatiques, catastrophes naturelles et sociétés dans le Puy-de-Dôme (1783 -  1876), mémoire dactyl., UFR Lettres, Culture et Sciences Humaines Clermont- Auvergne, 2021 

- MENAKANIST ( Twekiat ), Le hasard et l’incrimination, thèse dactyl., Université de Nancy 2, 1992 

- MINET ( Alice ), SEILLER ( Bertrand ), ALBERT ( Nathalie ), DELAUNAY ( Benoit ), PLESSIX  ( Benoit ), La perte de chance en droit administratif, thèse dactyl., 2013  


Call for papers 


- RODET-PROFIT ( Alix ), Le contrat d’assurance maritime à Rouen dans l’Ancien droit, thèse dactyl.,  Paris 2, 2015 

- SABLIER (B.), Les imprévus et les pouvoirs nouveaux de l’administration dans les marchés publics de  travaux, thèse dactyl. Nice, 1979 

- WILLIATTE-PELLITTERI ( Line ), Contribution à l’élaboration d’un droit civil de l’aléa, Lille, thèse  dactyl., 2003  

- ZOUHAL ( ADRA ), Le risque en droit pénal, thèse dactyl., Rennes 1, 2017  









14 October 2022

BOOK: Stefano VINCI, Genuzio Bentini (1874-1943). Un maestro di eloquenza tra politica e diritto con un'antologia degli scritti minori (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2022). ISBN: 9788815299796, pp. 320, EUR 25,00

 

(Source: Il Mulino)

ABOUT THE BOOK

Collana: Storia dell'avvocatura in Italia

Frutto di approfondite ricerche archivistiche e bibliografiche, il volume ricostruisce la biografia di Genuzio Bentini, avvocato penalista e uomo politico, che - dopo aver professato ideali anarchici in gioventù - fu tra i protagonisti della storia del socialismo italiano tra XIX e XX secolo. Difensore del giovane Mussolini in due processi penali, non aderì mai agli ideali del regime, subendo le persecuzioni delle squadre fasciste che lo indussero ad abbandonare l'impegno politico per dedicarsi appieno all'attività professionale. Autore di numerosi scritti politici e forensi, introdusse un innovativo modello di «eloquenza sincopata» che, in linea con il rinnovamento formale e tematico dello stile letterario del Novecento, ripudiava il rigido schematismo classico e si caratterizzava per concisione e rapidità espositiva. Il libro si conclude con un'ampia appendice delle opere minori di Bentini, suddivisa in scritti politici, discorsi parlamentari e saggi di letteratura forense.


13 October 2022

REMINDER ONLINE SEMINAR: Journal Comparative Legal History - Dialogues on Teaching Comparative Legal History - 19 October 2022: 17:00-18:00hs (CEST) [on Zoom]



Journal Comparative Legal History

Dialogues on Teaching Comparative Legal History

19 October 2022 – 17:00-18:00hs (CEST)


The journal Comparative Legal History is an official academic forum of the European Society for Comparative Legal History. It was first published in 2013 and aims to offer a space for the development of comparative legal history. Based in Europe, it welcomes contributions that explore law in different times and jurisdictions from across the globe. Submissions are currently welcome and are being assessed on a rolling basis.

The journal will host a one-hour public session to discuss the necessity and practicality of including comparative legal history in the law school curriculum. Editors (past and present) will present exploratory points and all attendees will be invited to join in a general discussion. Ought comparative legal history be routinely taught at schools of law? The presence of comparative legal history in the classroom may have an impact on the development of disciplinary autonomy and invite the revisiting of uncontested dogmas. It may further offer a forum for future generations to gain interest in the evolution of law across time and space. Does the teaching in this field have the potential to include new or otherwise marginalised perspectives? How would it fit within the framework of a demanding curriculum, often linked to regulatory requirements inherent to a profession? How would this teaching interplay with doctrinal studies? These and other questions will be explored during this public session.

The event is free and open to the public, and it will take place via Zoom.

Registration is required by sending an email to clhdialogues@gmail.com.

12 October 2022

CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS : International Databasa on Customary Law Project

 


We received a message from Professor Sylvain Soleil (Univ Rennes 1) regarding the International Databasa on Customary Law Project.

Dear colleagues, Dear friends,

Today we are officially launching the International Database on Customary Law project, which is funded by the French Institute for Studies and Research on Law and Justice. This IDDLR project consists of :

1/ to provide the public with free online access to the maximum number of customary sets published in the world to date

2/ to accompany this online access with a vast epistemological, international and interdisciplinary reflection on the phenomena that are at work when customs, which are by nature evolving and oral, are put in writing, and therefore fixed, controllable and partly distorted

3/ to bring together researchers from all over the world around this dual documentary and scientific challenge

Summary :

Anthropologists and legal historians agree on the fact that all the civilisations of the world have, yesterday, the day before yesterday, or today, adopted a traditional legal system that has been classified as "customs". Several tens of thousands of customary systems have thus developed on earth, some of which continue to be applied on the fringes of or in addition to the modern legal system: in Asia, Oceania, Africa, North America and Latin America. By their very nature, these systems should only be known experimentally, since they have most often developed orally, thanks on the one hand to precepts shared by communities and their leaders, and on the other hand to imitations of foreign norms and judicial precedents which, in settling disputes, modify, if not the rule, at least its interpretation. However, the development of writing has captured the traditional, oral and customary phenomenon for various political, legal or sociological reasons. This, on the one hand, makes it possible not only to know the content of ancient and current customs, to exploit them, to study them and to compare them. On the other hand, it has profoundly modified the very concept of customs: they are now fixed and formalised by written signs.

For more info on the project as well as expressions of interest, kindly reach out to Professor Soleil.

BOOK: Annamaria MONTI, Early modern European legal history. A textbook (Torino: Giappichelli, 2022). ISBN: 9788892124042, pp. 112, 13,30 €

 

(Source: Giappichelli)


ABOUT THE BOOK

Along a path of continuity with the medieval period, early modern European legal traditions shared certain fundamental features. These include multilingualism, a plurality of sources of law, the way in which judicial authority was exercised and judicial protection for rights. Against this background, the textbook aims to offer a basis for reflection on the role of the languages of law and the ways of doing justice (especially criminal justice) in Europe over the course of three centuries, from the late 15th century until the end of the 18th century. Considered from a long-term perspective, the technical lexicon of the law, the powers of the sovereign, the voices of subjects and justice appear as the founding moments of a civilisation, above all if considered in relation to 18th century reforms and their outcomes. The general issues are contextualised within a specific reference framework, the Duchy of Milan in the 16th and 17th centuries.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Annamaria Monti is an associate professor in legal history at Bocconi University in Milan.


The table of contents is available here in PDF.

L&C TALK: Miroslav ŠEDIVÝ, "The geopolitical background of the debates on international law in the mid-19th century" (Brussels: Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 18 OCT 2022) [Hybrid]

 

The geopolitical background of the debates on international law in the mid-19th century

Introduction

In the 1840s, Europeans often expressed a deep mistrust of the international order that had been created in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. This feeling resulted from the assertive and often illegal policies of the great powers which made a considerable number of people believe that the world was dominated by the strength of material power instead of written law. With this conviction, the questions of security, justice and international law became more and more debated in Europe. Some contemporaries desired to change the post- Napoleonic order by replacing it with a new one based on the principle of nationhood ensuring greater justice and a more stable peace among free European nations. During the same decade a similar debate on the political-legal coexistence with European countries spread in the United States. The goal of the paper is to reveal this important, but in historical and legal scholarship still neglected, phenomenon that existed in the mid-19th century on both sides of the Atlantic and contributed to the globalisation of international order.

Biographical note

Miroslav Šedivý (born in 1980, Prague) is a professor in general history at the University of Pardubice in the Czech Republic. He deals with the history of Europe and the Mediterranean spanning the period from the late 18th to the early 20th century. He has already published a trilogy on the functioning of the post-Napoleonic states system in the Near East (Metternich, the Great Powers and the Eastern Question, Pilsen 2013), Central Europe (Crisis among the Great Powers: The Concert of Europe and the Eastern Question, London– New York 2017) and Italy (The Decline of the Congress System: Metternich, Italy and European Diplomacy, London–New York 2018). His most recent book is on Si vis pacem, para bellum: The Italian Response to International Insecurity 1830–1848 (Vienna 2021). At this moment he is writing The Victory of Realism: The German Quest for International Security 1839–1853 (Paderborn 2023).

Practical information

Tuesday 18 October 2022 17:00-19:00 CET 

Vrije Universiteit Brussel Room: C409 

Brussels Humanities, Sciences & Engineering Campus

Free entrance. Register with wouter.de.rycke@vub.be for the Microsoft Teams link if not attending in person.




CALL FOR PAPERS: East European History Workshop - University of Cambridge [deadline 24 OCT 2022]